2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解课件

专题一阅读理解决胜攻略1“通、查、搜、定”四步流程法，基本功再摸底[2019·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读D]Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation？A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram？A.Tostrengthenteacher­studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram？A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案评估：1－4ADAB篇章分析→读文章找出人物Gordon，Gordonstudents→理顺关系，确定“角色”工程师Gordon亲自检查他的高中学生对于HUNCH项目产品所做出的研究结果。→注意特质词汇通过通读全文可知，第三段中“grade”原意为“分数，年级”，此处为“打分数，评分”，为熟词生义。专家会诊通——通读全文，把握文章大意通读全文，把握文章的题材和脉络，能够回答what,how,when,who和where等问题。本文介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，鼓励学生开发新思维，培养实际生活技能。查——细度题干，查询转换内容细度题目，提炼能够说明问题的词、词组或者句子，在这个基础上从文章中找出同义词、词组或者句子，带着目的读文章，必须字斟句酌。如题目2：①找题眼：thepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram②寻定位：文中第二段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，connect...with与选项D.link...with为同义词。搜——扫读语块，搜索有效信息在文章中找到与题干吻合的单词、词组或者句型，在其周围扫描，找到能够说明问题、帮助选择正确答案信息。如题目1：①找题眼：thebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation②寻定位：第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”定——查读题项，定位正确答案在搜索到有效信息的基础上，定位正确答案之后，再回扣全文主旨，进一步验证题目的准确性及题目之间的关系。决胜攻略2理解文中具体信息揭秘细节理解题[命题专家有话说],细节理解题多通过原文中的直接信息进行考查，可采用“原词复现”方法进行解答。若题干或选项中不出现原文中的直接信息，考生则需要对原文信息进行转换，再进一步推断出答案，可采用“同义对应”方法进行解答。通过对近三年高考全国卷考查统计可知，考查同义对应的力度逐年加大。[高考状元传经验],◆关注句间差异原文信息常常出现在不同结构的句子中，而两处的句意并不一致，在阅读时需要细心辨别、深刻体会。◆关注整体语境在查找同义信息时，万万不可只找相似的对应词汇，而完全忽略文章的整体语境。考点1直接信息题——定位比对找答案考纲解读考查特点直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)，正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。直接细节题常见设问方式：·Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...？·Whatwillyou/thestudentsdoonTuesday/ontheCapitalCityBikeTour？·WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew？·WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificSclienceCenter？·WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames？典例[2019·全国卷Ⅰ，A片段]JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区)．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands­onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.21．WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.第一步确定题干中的关键词第二步根据关键词定位信息句第三步比对选项确定答案自主解答：SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands­onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.SummerCompany的特别之处在于“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。B技法点金第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案考点2综合细节题——推理归纳定选项考纲解读考查特点综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换，例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思，这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。综合细节题常见设问方式：·Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...？·Whywas...asuccess？·Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders？典例[2019·全国卷Ⅱ，C片段]“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow？”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.29．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwit