2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Section

Unit2TheUnitedKingdomJack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜。英国军舰舰首都是挂国旗，因而得名。英国国旗除了叫TheUnionFlag之外，还有一个TheUnionJack的别名。Sailorsusedtospeakofa“Jack”whentheymeantaflagwhichwassetnearthebowofasailingship.Theflagshowedthecountrytowhichtheshipbelonged.TheUnionJackbecametheflagofGreatBritain.Australia'sflaghastheUnionJackinthetoplefthandcornertogetherwiththestarsoftheSouthernCross.TheyhavekeptthissmallpartofBritainontheirflagbecausetheircountrywasfirstsettledbypeoplefromBritain.Australia'sflagisthesamecolorastheUnionJack—red，whiteandblue.Theactofjoiningtogetheriscalleda“Union”．TheUnionJackwasthenameoftheflagmadewhenEngland，ScotlandandIrelandjoinedtogethertomakeonecountry.Itallbeganin1707whenEnglandandScotlandjoinedtogethertobecomeonenation.Aflagwasmadeusingtwocrosses—oneforthepatronsaintofeachcountry.Theword“patron”means“protector”．ManycenturiesbeforetheEnglishhadtakenStGeorgeastheirpatronsaint，hisemblemwasaredcrossonawhitebackground.TheScottishpatronsaintwasStAndrew.Inmemoryofhim，theyusedawhitecrossonabluebackground.Thiscrosswasshapedliketheletter“X”．Thenewflagwasamixtureofbothflagswithtwosetsofcrosses.WhenIrelandjoinedEnglandandScotlandin1800，anothercrosswasadded.StPatrick'scrossofIrelandwasredandalsoshapedlikean“X”．AllthreeflagsmadeuptheUnionJack.[阅读障碍词]1．patronsaintn．守护神2．emblemn.象征；标志vt.象征；用符号表示[诱思导读]阅读短文，回答下列问题1．WhydoesAustraliahavetheUnionJackinitsflag?____________________________________________________2．WhatarethecolorsoftheflagofGreatBritainnow?___________________BecausepeoplefromBritainsettledinAustraliafirst.Red，whiteandblue.SectionⅠWarmingUp，Prereading&Reading新生词汇初识Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.uniteA．vi.组成；在于；一致()2.consistB．vt.完成；达到；实现()3.clarifyC．vi.&vt.联合；团结()4.accomplishD．vt.澄清；阐明()5.unwillingE．adj.全国性的；全国范围的()6.creditF．adj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)()7.nationwideG．n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷()8.collectionH．n.收藏品；珍藏；收集()9.attractI．adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的()10.enjoyableJ．vt.吸引；引起注意[答案]1－5CADBF6－10GEHJIⅡ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思A．由……组成B．使受尊重；值得赞扬C．损坏；发生故障D．挣脱(束缚)；脱离E．把……分成F．省去；遗漏()1.ItisgreatlytohercreditthatMaryhelpedtheoldpeople.()2.Hisbikebrokedownonhiswaytoschool.Sohewaslateforclass.()3.Thechemistryteacherdidn'texplaintouswhatwaterconsistsof.()4.You'vemadeamistake—youhaveleftouttheletter“F”．()5.WhenIarrivedthere，Ifoundtheseapplesdividedintofivegroups.()6.Nowadaysmanyfarmerswanttobreakawayfromthelandandmakealivingincities.[答案]1－6BCAFED教材语篇细研PUZZLESINGEOGRAPHYPeoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribe①thesefourcountries:England，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIreland.Youcanclarify(澄清；阐明)thisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory②.地理学的困惑对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。[助读讲解]①beusedtodo...被用于做……②if引导条件状语从句。FirsttherewasEngland.Waleswaslinked(连接；联系)toitinthethirteenthcentury.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.NextEnglandandWaleswerejoinedtoScotlandintheseventeenthcenturyandlaterthenamewaschangedto“GreatBritain”．Thiswasaccomplished(完成；实现)whenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWales③.FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.However，thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.SoonlyNorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland，WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnitedKingdom④andthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack⑤.首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。时值苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰也联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的联合王国国旗上就可以看出来。[助读讲解]③whenKingJames...为时间状语从句。④tobecometheUnitedKingdom作结果状语。⑤calledtheUnionJack作后置定语，修饰anewflag。Totheircredit(信任；赞扬)thefourcountriesdo⑥worktogetherinsomeareas(eg，thecurrency(货币)andinternationalrelations)，buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions(制度；机制)．Forexample，NorthernIreland，EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducationalandlegalsystemsaswellas⑦differentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup！值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育及司法体系，还有不同的足球队去参加像世界杯这样的比赛！[助读讲解]⑥do在此处起强调作用，表示“的确；确定”。⑦aswellas也；还。Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries，andforconvenience(方便)itisdividedroughly(粗略地)intothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEngland，themiddlezoneiscalledtheMidlandsandtheonenearestto⑧Scotlandisknownas⑨theNorth.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth，butmostoftheindustrialcitiesintheMidlandsandtheNorthofEngland.Although，nationwide，thesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChina，theyhaveworld­famousfootballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattract(吸引)visitors.Forhistoricalarchitecture(建筑艺术)youhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans⑩.ThereyouwillfindoutmoreaboutBritishhistoryandculture.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的是英格兰南部，中部地区被称为英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的称为英格兰北部。你可以看到大多数人口定居在南部，但大多数的大型工业城市在英格兰的中部和北部地区。虽然全国范围内，这些城市都不如中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个！可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。想游览古代建筑你得去那些最初由罗马人建造的更古老但是更小的城镇。在那儿你会了解更多的关于英国历史和文化的东西。[助读讲解]⑧nearestto...最靠近……的，用作后置定语，修饰theone。⑨bekn