您好,欢迎访问三七文档
SectionⅢGrammar—非谓语动词语法图解探究发现①Itwasfoolishofyoutolietoyourteacher.②It'snousetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.③HerwishistogotoTokyotowatchthe2020OlympicGames.④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisaisandwhysheissmiling.⑥Buttheylookedforward,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.⑦Thebuildingbeingbuiltisanewshoppingmall.⑧Thebirdwasluckyandescapedbeingcaught.⑨PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503-1506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.⑩Allthingsconsidered,sheisthebeststudentinmyclass.[我的发现](1)①②句中的彩体部分在句中作,③④句中的作,⑤⑥句中的作。(2)由①②句可知,动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语,可以用作形式主语。(3)⑦⑧句中,彩体部分都为动词ing形式的被动式,在句中分别为和。(4)⑨句中,彩体部分为过去分词在句中作;⑩句中,分词作状语时有自己独立的主语,这叫结构。主语表语宾语it定语宾语状语独立主格非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语,而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但是有语态和时态的变化。一、非谓语动词的基本形式时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing—动词ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词ed形式一般式—done[即时演练1]写出下列句中加彩部分所作的句子成分①Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.②Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.③Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.④Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.不定式短语作主语with复合结构作原因状语不定式短语作定语动词ing形式作伴随状语⑤Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?⑥Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.⑦Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.⑧Doyoumindmyaskingyouafewquestions?动词ing形式作宾语补足语过去分词短语作状语动词ing形式作定语动词ing形式作宾语二、非谓语动词的句法功能1.不定式和动名词作主语不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作;动名词作主语通常表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。Toswimintheseainhotsummerisverypleasant.炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。ReadingaloudisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。[名师点津]不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面;而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用it作形式主语。Itis/wasnouse(useless,nogood,fun,awasteoftime...)+doingsth.[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.②(master)aforeignlanguagecallsforagreatdealofmemorywork.③Itisdifficult(see)howmoresavingscanbemade.④It'snouse(cry)overspiltmilk.WalkingTomastertoseecrying2.不定式和动名词作宾语(1)except,but作介词时后面也可以跟不定式,但多用于否定句和疑问句。Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.他别无选择,只能躺下睡觉。TomdidnothinglastnightexcepttowatchTV.除了看电视,汤姆昨晚什么也没干。(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语:agree,promise,learn,fail,decide,plan,ask,demand,want,hope,wish,expect,manage,offer,wouldlike/love,refuse,pretend,choose等。Theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuilding.他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语:allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,bebusy,insiston,practise,admit,enjoy,lookforwardto,deny,delay,excuse,avoid,miss,giveup,finish,risk,escape,imagine,appreciate等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。(4)有些动词后既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别,常见的有:begin,start,continue,prefer,love,like等;而有些两者意义完全不同,常见的有:remember,forget,try,regret,mean等。Assoonashearrivedattheschool,hebeganreading/toreadhisEnglishbook.他一到学校就开始看英语书。Ilikedplaying/toplaytabletenniswhenIwasamiddleschoolstudent.我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。Don'tforgettocarryyourcamerawithyou.别忘了带上你的照相机。I'llneverforgethearingthispieceofmusicforthefirsttime.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。(5)有些动词(如need,want,require,bear等)后可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,也可跟不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这幢房子需要修缮。Thiskindofclothbearswashing/tobewashed.这种布料很耐洗。[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Shehasarranged(see)herparentsnextweek.②Igaveup(write)fiveyearsago.③Dickensbegan(work)atafactorywhenhewasveryyoung.④Bettyhasnochoicebut(do)asyoutellher.toseewritingtowork/workingtodo(2)完成句子①Shethedoor.她记得锁上门了。②Tomthewindow.汤姆忘记去开窗户。③Drainpipingmayrequireagainstfreezing.排水管要求有防冻保护措施。rememberedlockingforgottoopenprotecting/tobeprotected3.不定式、动名词和分词作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语,表示抽象的、一般性的行为。Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。Herjobisteaching.她的职业就是教书。[名师点津]如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也用不定式(表示结果);如果主语是动名词,表语也用动名词。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。Helpingothersishelpingyourself.帮助别人就是帮助自己。(2)分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征;过去分词作表语多用来描述人或高级动物的心理状态。例如:表示“人对……感兴趣”就用sb.beinterestedin...,表示“人/物本身有趣”就用sb./sth.beinteresting。这类词常见的有:interesting/interested,exciting/excited,delighting/delighted,disappointing/disappointed,encouraging/encouraged,pleasing/pleased,puzzling/puzzled,satisfying/satisfied,surprising/surprised,worrying/worried等。[即时演练4]完成句子①Ithebook.我对这本书很感兴趣。②Hishabitisaftersupper.他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。③Herwishis.她的愿望是成为一名伟大的运动员。aminterestedinwalkingthedogtobecomeagreatplayer4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语动词不定式作补足语表示动作的过程;现在分词作补足语表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作补足语表示被动或完成意义。Wewatchedhercrossingthestreet.(动作正在进行)我们看着她走过大街。Iwatchedmysistercrossthebridge.(动作已经完成)我看着妹妹过了桥。Iheardmynamecalled.(动作完成且表示被动)我听见有人叫我。[巧学助记](1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend,teach,order,command,ask,tell);允许又警告(allow,permit,warn);使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect);知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice);且要省略to。(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语:see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他把小汽车停在门口。[名师点津]感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时,主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to,但在变为被动结构时,省略的to则必须加上。[即时演练5](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic(run)smoothly.②Ifoundastrangeperson(walk)nearbyourshopallday.③Heaskedustoassisthimin(carry)thro
本文标题:2019年高中英语 Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅲ Gramm
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-8251966 .html