战略柔性--变革中的管理

(PeterDrucker)(InnovationandEntrepreneurship,1985,p.19)1(JamesA.Christiansen)2/(GerryJohnson,AnneSigis-mundHuff)3(BertrandQuélin,Car-olineMothe)4J.L.(J.L.Stimpert,MichaelE.Wasserman,MulumdiJayaram)(Christiansen)(R&D)(JohnsonandHuff)300(MotheandQuélin)(R&Dconsortia)(StimpertWassermanandJayaram)2523MGE()41988~1994198819903319901994(19881994)4MGE44(1984~1994)USChem(),USMfg()EurAuto()ConPro()8(4MGE4)4(2MGE2)44MGEMGEMGE4MGEMGE156()6MGE17()4MGE844199019908()3MGE1919841019883()10111MGEEurAutoEurAutoConPro1984ConPro12MGE48090MGE80MGE11314(1)(2)(3)/2/15(BartlettandGhoshal1989)(MintzbergRaisinghani&Theoret,1976;Pettigrew,1985;Johnson,1987)(Duhaime&Schwenk,1985;Fiol&Huff,1992;Dutton,1993)(Henderson&Clark,1990)16(Collis&Montgomery,1995)(Barney,1986)(Johnson,1988)2-1//2-12/172-22-2(Weick,1979)(Schon,1983)()18123/(Rogoff&Lave,1984)2-2(Dand-ridge1986)(Larsen&Christensen,1993)2-22/19(Daniels,Johnson&deChernat-ony1994)(Polanyi,1996)2-2(Nonaka&Takeuchi1995)20(Edwards&Middleton1986)-(Seely-Brown&Duguid1991)(Nonaka&Takeuchi1995)(Weick&Roberts1993)(Johnson1987)()()(1995)2/21(Ortony,Gerald&Collins,1998)(Parkinson,1996)(Rom,1986)(Weick1995p.45)2-22-1•22•••2-1()()2/23()•••(one-upmanship)()•()•••()•24()(organizationallearning)(Crossanetal,1994;Nonaka,1994)(Wick,1993)2-12/25()•?••••()26()??2/27?2-1??2-1?()282/293031(Porter)5(Teece,1986;Hamel,1991)(Penrose1959)(Nelson&Winter1982)(Wernerfelt1984)(Teece1986)(Pralahad&Hamel1990)(Barney,1986;Dierickx&Cool,1989;Hamel&Heene,1994;Sanchez&Heene,1996;Sanchez,Heene&Thomas,1996)(Barney,1991;Leonard-Barton,1992;Amit&Schoe-maker,1993)(Penrose,1959;Wernerfelt,1984;Barney,1991;Amit&Schoemaker,1993;Sanchez,Heene&Thomas,1996)()()(1994)32(Contractor&Lorange,1988;Haged-oorn,1993)(Evan&Olk,1990)MCC()(Peck,1986)(Grindley,Mowery&Silverman,1994)(Browning,Beyer&Shelter,1995)SEMATECH1987(Kurozumi1992)VLSI()(Kogut,1988;Pisano,1990;Hamel,1991;Kogut&Zan-der,1993;Quélin,1997)(Teece,1986;Hennart,1988;Hamel,1991);(Pisano,1990);(Teece,Pisano&Shuen,1997)333(1)(Osborm&Baughn,1990)(2)(EvanOlk,1990)(FusfeldHaklisch,1985;Link&Bauer,1989)3(1)(2)(3)(Ouchi&Bolton,1988)(Lyles,1988;Nonaka,1994;Nonaka&Takeuchi,1995;Mothe,1996)34(Evan&Olk,1990,p.42)(Khanna,Gulati&Nohria,1995)(ContractorandLorange,1988;Hage-doorn,1993)(Kogut,1988)(Kogut&Zander,1993)(1)(2)la335lblb'(Rosenbery,1976)(Teece,1986)(Pisano,1990)(Cohen&Levinthal,1989)()()2a362b(Osborn&Baughn1990)(Cohen&Levinthal,1990)(Doz,1988)SMEs3a3b337(Brown&Duguid,1991;Inkpen,1996)(Grindley,Mowery&Silver-man,1994)?4(Winter,1987;Zander&Kogut,1995)38(Hedlund,1994)5a5b(/)EUREKA3175EUREKA()EUREKA339EUREKA1985(ESPRITRACEBRITE)EUREKAEUREKAJESSI()HDTV()1995EUREKA2215EUREKA()EUREKAEUREKA()199410312001260(910)(3-1)1994910EUREKA40EUREKAEUREKA1994SOFRESEUREKA/SOFRESEUREKA22353173-1EUREKA(n=1260)()(n=452)()()50078500~999881000~1499881500~24991192500~499921205000~9999161810000~6000016186000013112543~532356~10262411~151313161524241403~53840341()EUREKA(n=1260)()(n=452)()6-101291191119872319198718171988151619892018199015181991912EUREKA109141553121716132388272864(Freeman,1982)(Hall,1993)()•10(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(10)•(1)(2)(3)(4)4221(Likert)15(1)(2)(3)123()(Teece,1986)343(12)()()?12(Buckley&Casson,1988)(1)(2)123()()1200000220000060000036000001500000(11.3)44?4235610106(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)12149(54)(45)(45)(10)EUREKA(77)(58)(55)(53)EUREKA345463-2(p=0)•(1)(2)•(1)(2)•(1)(2)•1.()(107)(108)(8.5)(3-23-3)2.3.4.5.(3-23-3)3473-31a0.04**1b0.06**2a0.06***2b0.06**3a3b40.3***51525355R20.23F13.3***1.n=3172.(p0.05)3.*p0.05**p0.025***p0.01(Prahalad&Hamel1990)483-3()0.23R2EUREKA•(t=5.2)•(t2.6)•(t2.5)•(t2.4)•(t2.3)349(1b)EUREKA(2b)()50EUREKA()()()()351(3b)()()()52353Thanh-Hà-LêHECFNEGE(NATO)5435556(March,1991)(Carud&Nayyar1994)(Barr,Stimpert&Huff,1992)(Starbuck&Milliken,1998)J.L.457(Barr,Stimpert&Huff,1992)(Agenti,1976;Barr,Stimpert&Huff,1992;Hall,1984)(Hambrick&D’Aveni1989)(Mintzberg1978)4-158(Weick,1979)(Nisbett&Ross,1980)(Gioia&Chittipeddi,1991)(Fiske&Taylor,1991;Hall,1984;Prahalad&Bettis,1986)(Kiesler&Sproull)(1982p.557)(Starbuck&Milliken,1988)459(Nelson&Winter,1982)(Nelson&Winter)(1977pp.56~57)(Fiol&Lyles,1985)(Argyris1976)(1988)(1981)60(1991)3(Cyert&March1963)(Cohen&Levinthal,1990)(Lant&Montgomery,1987)(1991)(Cohen&Levinthal)461(1990p.128)(DiMaggio&Powell1983)(Hambrick1982)(Huff,1982;Spender,1989)62(1978)(Cohen&Levinthal,1990;Lamt&Montgomery,1987)(March,1991)(Cyort&March,1963)463(Nelson&Winter,1982)(Senge,1992)(erodinggoals)1946~1970(Chandler,1962)194619702519702566197040211970(penn)1364325(Levitt1960)(Wyckoff)4651976(1976p.171)(Barr,Stimpert&Huff,1992;Bettman&Weitz,1983;Hall,1984)(Axelrod)(Barr,Stimpert&Huff1992)25(Cottrell,1970;Wyckoff,1976)(1992)(Axelrod,1976)4050(1)(2)(66)4-24-2(1946~50)501957504-3467•••+/+++4-3(50~1970)(1992)1956196068•••+/+++4-4194619704-4(1946~1970)4020506050469••••++++++++1946501970702519202001946136197056.64-14-1(1946~1970)()19461051.851.31086135919471452.251.51131135219481954.551.91176132719492756.852.41138119219503558.552.61225122019514459.052.91283127619525561.653.2129612261