2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 UNIT 4 Natural disasters Sectio

SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures——定语从句(1)Youcannotimproveyourpast,butyoucanimproveyourfuture.Oncetimeiswasted,lifeiswasted.你不能改变你的过去，但你可以让你的未来变得更美好。一旦时间浪费了，生命就浪费了。[主干图解][探究发现]1.Theearthquakethat/whichhitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon'tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.3.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.4.Theonlythingthatiswrongwiththisiswhatmybrothersaidtometheotherday.5.Wetalkedalotabouttheactorandthefilmthatinterestedusattheparty.6.Whothatyouhaveeverknowncanhelpmewithit?7.Theteacherwhom/who/thatyouarewaitingforiscoming.[我的发现](1)句2、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(2)句1中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(3)句1、2、4、5、6、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作。(4)句3中的定语从句使用了关系代词，在定语从句中作，既可以指人也可以指物。who/that主语或宾语which/that主语that主语或宾语whose定语(5)句4中的定语从句使用了关系代词，当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系词只能用that。(6)句5中的定语从句使用了关系代词，当先行词既指人又指物时，关系词只能用that。(7)句6中的定语从句使用了关系代词，当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。thatthatthat[新知突破]1.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.提供给灾区的供给品是从全国各地募捐而来的。★supplyn.供应(量)；补给；(pl.)补给品vt.供应；供给(1)beinshortsupply短缺asupplyof一批，很多(2)supplysth.tosb.＝supplysb.withsth.向某人提供某物①Treessupplyshadeinsummer.树木在夏季提供阴凉处。②Thepipelinewillsupplymajorcitieswithnaturalgas.这条管道将为主要城市供应天然气。③Rawmaterialsareinshortsupply.原材料供应不足。[即时训练]完成句子/一句多译①战争期间许多药物供应不足。Manydrugswereduringthewar.那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。②Thatcompany.③Thatcompany.inshortsupplysuppliespapertotheprinterssuppliestheprinterswithpaper2．She'sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.她正在喂这个在地震中幸存下来的婴儿。★survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过(1)survivesth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来surviveon依靠……生存下来AsurvivesB(by...)A比B活得长(……)(2)survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]残存物survivorn.幸存者；生还者①Officialssaidtherewerenosurvivorsoftheplanecrash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。②Havingsurvivedthatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.熬过那个晚上，我们相信其他一切都会好的。③AsfarasIknow,theoldwomansurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。④Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival.如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性就会很小。④Theydidnotknowhowtheycould(挨过这个寒冷之夜)．[点津]survive表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因此不要加多余的介词in,from等。[即时训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(survive)oftheaccidentwererushedtothenearesthospitalinnotime.SurvivorsonⅡ.完成句子③HisparentsdiedinWorldWarⅡ，(但是他幸存了下来)．buthesurvivedsurvivethecoldnight②Hewasbarelysurvivinghisearningsasanartist.一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Dannywastheman(who)werescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。Idon'tknowwhoyouareandwhomyourepresent.我不知道你是谁并代表了谁。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[即时训练1]关系代词填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters____hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.②Thosewanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.④ThegirlgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.⑤Ilikethosebookstopicsareabouthistory.⑥Anystudentfamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.whowhowho/whomwhowhosewhose4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thepen(which)youfoundyesterdayismine.昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[点津](1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？[即时训练2]关系代词填空①Look,herearesomepeopleIwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?③Thepicturewasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.who/whom/thatthat/whichwhich/that三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3．当先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。That'stheonlythingthatwecandonow.那是我们目前唯一能做的事。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。[即时训练3]完成句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulpark.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople______________________.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。③Readingwasinterestedhermost.读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。thatIhavevisitedthatshewasinterestedintheonlythingthat品悟—语境中的语法TheChoiceofWordOneday,Johnwasbackhomeafterwork.Hefoundthathiswifewasshakingtheirda