2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure Section Ⅳ Grammar

SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——动作动词和状态动词语法图解探究发现①YouarewalkingalongamountainpathintheHimalayas.②Andourporterscarryyourluggage,whichmeansthatyoucansimplyenjoytheexperience.③Theyknowallthebestroutesandbestplacestocamp.④However,atAdventure2000wefeelthatweunderstandtheneedsofhikers.⑤AtAdventure2000wealsothinkthatgoodtravelarrangementsareimportant.⑥Youarethinkingabouthowfarthereistogo.[我的发现](1)①②句中walk,carry为____动词，可用于进行时态。(2)③④句中的know,feel,understand为____动词，常用一般时态。(3)⑤⑥句中的think既可以作为____动词，意为“____”；也可为____动词，表示“____”的意思。动作状态动作考虑状态认为一、概述在英语中，动词分为动作动词和状态动词。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态；而状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态。二、动作动词动作动词可分为三类：1．表示持续性动作的动词，如drink,run,rain,write,play,teach,work等。SheteachesEnglishinourschool.她在我们学校教英语。MaryiswritingalettertoherfriendinFrance.玛丽正在给法国的朋友写信。2．表示短暂性动作的动词如open,knock,jump,die,close等。它们用于进行时态时，一般表示动作正在发生的瞬间或动作多次重复或即将发生。Shejumpedupintothechair.她跳起来坐到椅子上。Hewasjumpingupanddowntokeepwarm.他上下跳动来取暖。Thepoorboyisdying.那个可怜的男孩生命垂危。3．表示位移或状态变化的动词，如leave,go,arrive,turn,grow等。这类动词既可用于进行时态，也可用于一般时态，但意义不同。Thetrainleavesatnine.火车9点开车。(指按时间表或日程表发生某事)Thetrainisleaving.火车马上就要开了。(表示即将发生的动作)[名师点津]有些动作动词表示的是短暂性的动作，没有持续性，这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”或“终止性动词”，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：come，go，leave，arrive，lose，join，kill，happen，breakout等。Hehascomehereforthreedays.(×)Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.(√)即时演练1用所给动词的适当形式填空①He_________(teach)usfortwoyearssofar.②Lookatthekite!Howhighit_______(fly)!③Heenteredtheroomand___(sit)downinachair.④It______yesterday,it_________nowandit'sreportedthatit_______tomorrow.(rain)⑤Hemisseshisfatherverymuch,who____(die)inanaccident.⑥Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus________(leave)!hastaughtisflyingsatrainedisrainingwillraindiedisleaving二、状态动词1．表示拥有和存在的动词：appear,be,belong,contain,have,include,need,seem,possess,own等。Thatdictionarybelongstome.那本字典是属于我的。Thebuildingmeasures60metersinheight.这幢建筑物高60米。2．感官动词：feel,hear,see,look,smell,sound,taste等。其后常接形容词作表语。Theoldmandoesn'thearverywell.那位老人听觉不太好。ThedishsmellssogoodthatIcan'twaittoeatit!这盘菜闻起来如此美味以至于我迫不及待想吃它！3．表示思维活动的动词：admit,agree,believe,know,mean,realise,remember,think,understand,want等。IknowwhatI'mdoing.我知道我正在做什么。HedoesnotbelieveinHoward'shonesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。4．表示情感的动词：adore,care,like,dislike,love,hate,hope等。Helikesgettingupearly.他喜欢早起。[名师点津]有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。Wehaveasecond­handcar.我们有一辆二手车。(have＝possess,状态)Sheishavingsometea.她正在喝茶。(have＝drink,动作)即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空①Thiscomputer_____(cost)2,000dollars.Isitexpensive?②Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?It________(stay)freshforseveraldays.③I___________(think)aboutwhatIshoulddonext,soIstillhavenoplaninmymind.④Thewater___(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.costswillstayamthinkingfelt⑤Theflowersaresolovelythatthey___(sell)well.⑥Wemustn'thaveanythingthat____(go)bad,ordoharmtoourbody.⑦Thehouseheislivingin_______(belong)tohisbrother.⑧Theleavesonthetree__________(turn)yellow.sellgoesbelongsareturningⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Theseapples_____(taste)deliciousandIhaveeatenfiveofthem.2．Thepresident_______(arrive)attheairportatfiveo'clock.3．He__________(have)lunchwhenIcamein.4．Thisbook________(include)10chapters.tastearrivedwashavingincludes5．Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane________(take)off.6．Themanwhohastheancientvaseinsiststhatit_______(belong)tohisfamily.7．Heissuchamanwhoisalways_______(find)faultwithothers.8．—Whatwouldyoudoifit_____(rain)tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe'vegoteverythingready.istakingbelongsfindingrainsⅡ.单句写作1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It____________(从……开始)June15th_______(并且持续)forthreeweeks.2．(2016·北京高考书面表达)I_________(感到自豪)knowingyourinterestinChinesehistory.3．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)Asanoutgoinggirl,I_____________________________(与我的同学相处很好).4．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)I_____________(想知道)ifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity.5．(2014·天津高考书面表达)OurschoolislocatedinanortherncityofChina,whereyoucan_____________________________(尝到各种各样的美味食物).willstartfromandlastfeelproudgetalongwellwithmyclassmatesamwonderingtastemanykindsofdeliciousfood单元语法项目(二)——限制性和非限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现Ⅰ.①HetravelledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.②TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest­sellingbooksinEurope.③Atabout3：00intheafternoon,wecametothevillage,whosescenerywasreallybeautiful.Ⅱ.①HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperor'sPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhedescribedas“Thegreatestpalacethateverwas...”②MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.③Theman(that/who/whom)youmeetattheschoolgateisTom'suncle.[我的发现](1)Ⅰ组的句子都是________定语从句，Ⅱ组的句子都是______定语从句。(2)限制性定语从句和主句之间不能用____分开；非限制性定语从句和主句之间通常用分开。(3)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词除了用who,whom,which,whose外，也可以用____；在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以用who,whom,which,whose,但不能用____。非限制性限制性逗号thatthat逗号一、定义定语从句主要是用来修饰它前面的先行词(名词或代词)的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据从句与先行词的关系，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when,where等，作定语从句的状语。引导词也可以是“介词＋which(whom,whose)”，但在固定的介词短语里，介词一般是不可提前用于该结构的。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworldfamous?你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。Mydaughter,who