2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 Music Section Ⅲ Grammar —“介

SectionⅢGrammar—“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句语法图解探究发现①However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.②However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.③Later,theymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.④Theymaystartasagroupofhigh­schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.[我的发现](1)以上四个句子都使用了“”引导的定语从句。先行词若指物，那么介词后的关系代词用；若指人，则用。(2)以上四个句子中，第①句是定语从句，第②③④句是定语从句。介词＋关系代词whichwhom限制性非限制性一、基本构成在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，常用的介词有in,for,to,with等，关系代词则使用which或whom而不能用that。Theselittlechildrenarewatchingaprograminwhichtherearemanylovelyanimals.孩子们正在看一个节目，节目中有很多可爱的动物。Themanwithwhommyparentsweretalkingisourheadteacher.我父母刚才与之谈话的那位男士是我们的班主任。即时演练1用“介词＋关系代词”填空①Theuniversitymybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.②Doyouknowthegirlourteacheristalking?③Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,hefoundajobinabigcompany.inwhichto/withwhomafterwhich二、其他构成1．“代词/名词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句当“介词＋关系代词”前有名词、代词(some,any,none,neither,both,all,most,each,few等)、数词时，可构成由“名词/代词/数词＋of＋which/whom”来引导的定语从句。Theyproducedfourreports,noneofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.他们做了四个报告，没有一个是有用的建议。ThecourseaboutChinesefoodattractsover100studentsperyear,mostofwhomarefromoverseas.这门关于中国饮食的课程每年都吸引100多个学生，大部分是留学生。即时演练2完成句子①Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,.去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得很好。②Therearesixtystudentsinourclassinall,.我们班大约有60名学生，他们中的多数都来自农村。bothofwhicharemostofwhomare/comefromcountrysidegrowingwell2．“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句该结构可以用来代替“whose＋名词”，在非正式文体中也可用“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词”。Iliveinabedroom,thewindowofwhich/whosewindow/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.我住在一个窗户朝南的卧室里。Iwilltalktothosestudentsthehomeworkofwhom/whosehomework/ofwhomthehomeworkhasn'tbeendone.我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。即时演练3句型转换Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum;itsconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.①Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.②Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.③Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.theconstructionofwhichwhoseconstructionofwhichtheconstruction3．“复合介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句该结构中的复合介词常用的有becauseof,infrontof,atthebackof,asaresultof等。Hehadabadcoldyesterday,becauseofwhichhedidn'tcometoschooltoday.由于他昨天得了重感冒，所以今天他没来学校。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。即时演练4用定语从句合并句子①Healwaysbreakshisword.Becauseofhimalwaysbreakinghiswordhisfriendsoftenquarrelwithhim.→②Ithelpsyoutoprotectagainstnaturaldisasters.Infrontofnaturaldisastershumansappeartoosmall.→Ithelpsyoutoprotectagainstnaturaldisasters,infrontofwhichhumansappeartoosmall.Healwaysbreakshisword，becauseofwhichhisfriendsoftenquarrelwithhim.4．“介词＋关系代词＋名词”引导的定语从句该结构中的关系代词可以是which或whose,此时，关系代词的选用取决于它后面的名词及整个句子的含义。Theboy,withwhosehelpIfinishedmyhomeworkontimeismygoodfriend.帮助我按时完成作业的这个男孩是我的好朋友。Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。即时演练5选词填空(whose/which)①IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withouthelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.②Hemaywinthecompetition,incaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.whosewhich三、关系副词与“介词＋关系代词”的互换引导定语从句的关系副词常可以和“介词＋关系代词(which)”互换。Constantpracticehasbetteredmyaccenttoapointwhere(atwhich)peoplethinkI'manativespeaker.经常练习使我的口音到了一个人们认为我是当地人的阶段。I'malwaysbusywithmywork,sooccasionsarequiterarewhen(onwhich)Icanspendthewholedaywithmykids.我一直忙于工作，所以很少有整晚和孩子们待在一起的时刻。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hefailedtheEnglishexamwasthathedidn'tlearnitwell.他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。即时演练6句型转换①Ioftenthinkofthemoment,whenIsawtheUFO.→Ioftenthinkofthemoment,IsawtheUFO.②Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.→Thepolicesearchedthehousethethiefhadstayed.③Idon'tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.→Idon'tknowthereasonthehouseissodirty.atwhichinwhichforwhich四、关系代词前的介词选用的原则“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用主要遵循以下三个原则。1．一先：根据先行词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。Infrontofmyhouse,thereisatree,inwhichsomebirdsaresinging.我的房子前面有一棵树，上面有鸟儿正在唱歌。(inthetree“在树上”)2．二谓：根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。Inourcitythereareseveralbigpublicparks,towhichmanypeoplecangotoenjoythebeautifulscenery.在我们的城市里有好几个大的公园，许多人去那里欣赏美景。(gototheparks“去公园”)3．三意义：根据先行词、定语从句中的谓语动词共同的搭配关系或者说句子的意思来选择介词。WangHong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedherselfverymuch.和我一起去音乐会的王红玩得非常高兴。(gototheconcertwithsb.“与某人一起去音乐会”)[点津]有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语动词，如lookfor,lookafter,callon等，用在定语从句中作谓语动词时不可拆开，也就是说其中的介词不能置于关系代词之前。Hehasalittledaughter,whoislookedafterbyhergrandma.他有一个小女儿，她由她的奶奶照顾。(该句中的lookafter是不可拆开的短语动词，after不可置于关系代词who之前。)即时演练7用正确的“介词＋关系代词”填空①Wesawabigtabletherewereallkindsofbooks.②ThemanIsharetheroomisayoungteacherfromcollege.③Heworksinafactory,atthebackthereisariver.④Don'ttalkaboutthethingsyouarenotsure.⑤Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.onwhichatwhichaboutwhichofwhichwithwhom[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.2．(江苏高考改编)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwerewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.3．(安徽高考改编)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillwhichschooleducationdepends.whichuponwhom4．(浙江高考改编)Creatinganatmospherewhichemployeesfeelpartofate