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SectionⅣGrammarUnit5Firstaidfirst,secondorthirddegreeburnswhenpressed省略1.(教材P34)Burnsarecalled_______________________________(一度烧伤、二度烧伤、三度烧伤),dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.2.(教材P34)Firstdegreeburnsturnwhite_______________(当按压时).ifnecessarypreventsthepainbecomingunbearableandreducesswellingifpossible3.(教材P34)Removeclothingusingscissors_______________(如果必要)unlessitisstucktotheburn.4.(教材P34)Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocess,_______________________________________________________(防止疼痛变得不可忍受,还可以减少肿胀).5.(教材P35)Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,_______________(如果可能).为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种:在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。◆Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittotheteacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。并列句中的省略2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。◆JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做作业。3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。◆Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。◆Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn’t(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid).他具备急救知识,但他朋友不具备。1.状语从句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。◆(2016·天津卷)As(itis)scheduled,weparticipatedinseveralinstructiveactivities.按照计划安排,我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。复合句中的省略◆Whenever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能,他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。◆Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.过街时要当心车辆。省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。◆When(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加热的时候冰可以变成水。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。◆Theydon’tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。◆HerunsasfastasBob(runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。2.定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可省略。◆Thecomputer(which)Iwantedtobuywassoldout.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。(2)在定语从句中way作先行词,且在句中充当方式状语时,可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。◆Idon’tliketheway(that)hespeakstome.我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...或suchas引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。◆Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).我和你有同样的困难。3.宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。◆(2018·浙江卷6月)Idobelieve(that)Iamveryqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork,becauseIhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作,因为我精通英语口语。◆Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。◆IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市,但我不知道他什么时候来。1.动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。◆Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadyto(answerthequestion).如果他不愿意回答这个问题,你不能强迫他。其他的省略情况(2)某些使役动词,如make,let,have等和感官动词,如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。◆WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被动语态)我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时,不能省略to。◆Helikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。◆Hebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。◆—Willyougotothecinemawithme?——你愿意和我一起去看电影吗?—I’dliketo(gowithyou).——我愿意。(5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。◆Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等着瞧。(6)当不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作复合谓语时,不定式可省略。◆Theydidn’tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).他们应该多看望父母,但他们没有。2.使用so,not等时的省略为了避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句,与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’mafraid等连用。so表示赞同前述的事实,not表示不赞同前述的事实。◆—HassheeverbeentoLondon?——她曾到过伦敦吗?—Idon’tthinkso.(=Idon’tthinkshehaseverbeentoLondon.)——我想她没去过。◆—Willitraintomorrow?——明天会下雨吗?—Ihopenot.(=Ihopeitwon’traintomorrow.)——我希望不会。◆—Canyoucomenextweek?——你下星期能来吗?—I’mafraidnot.(=I’mafraidthatIcannotcome.)——恐怕我不能来。lackingexpectedvisitingⅠ单句语法填空1.Though__________(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.2.Hesucceededinsolvingalltheproblemsas__________(expect).3.While__________(visit)thecity,theyreceivedawarmwelcome.tiredtreatedgiventakenwalking4.Though__________(tire),theywentonworkinginordertofinishthetaskontime.5.Somediseasesarenotatalldangerousif__________(treat)intime.6.If__________(give)enoughtime,Icanwritethearticlebetter.7.Generallyspeaking,when__________(take)accordingtotheinstructions,thedrughasnosideeffects.8.While__________(walk)alongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.去掉wasused后加toⅡ单句改错1.Mymothergotacallfrommyteacherwhilewasonthewayhome.________________2.Mygrandpaisinhisseventiesbutheworksashardasheused.________________could→should或去掉could去掉第二个was或although后加he去掉not后的to3.Jacksuggestedwecouldholdameetingtodiscusstheproblem.___________________________4.Williamwasquitegeneroustohisneedyfriendsalthoughwaspoor.____________________________________5.Myparentscan’tdecidewhethertosendmetoAmericaforfurtherstudyornotto.___________________________UnlessinvitedtospeakhopestoⅢ语法与写作1.除非
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 First aid 4 Section Ⅳ Gramm
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