2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Body language Section Ⅲ Gra

SectionⅢGrammar—现在分词作状语语法图解探究发现①...Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.②Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.③Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised...④ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.⑤WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor...⑥Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingaway.⑦Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.⑧Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.⑨Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.[我的发现](1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是；作时间状语的是；作结果状语的是；作原因状语的是。(2)比较句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中动词­ing形式短语为式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句⑨中动词­ing形式短语为______式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。(3)观察句①～⑨可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的。①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨一般完成主语一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1．作时间状语现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearingthenoise,Iturnedround.＝WhenIheardthenoise,Iturnedround.听到响声我转过身去。2．作原因状语现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.＝Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。3．作条件状语现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard,you'llcertainlysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard,you'llcertainlysucceed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4．作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。[点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5．作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。即时演练11－1.句型转换①Whensheturnedaround,shesawacardrivingup.→,shesawacardrivingup.②Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.→Theystoodthere,thebus.③Ashewasill,hecouldn'tattendthemeeting.→,hecouldn'tattendthemeeting.TurningaroundwaitingforBeingill1－2.完成句子④Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,(凝视着夜空)．⑤(因为年老),hecouldn'ttakeaplane.staringatthenightskyBeingtooold二、现在分词作状语的注意事项1．现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在街上散步，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即时演练2单句语法填空①(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.②(suffer)suchheavypollution,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.③(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.④(spend)nearlyallourmoneyforthehouse,wecouldn'taffordaholiday.SeeingHavingsufferedHavinglivedHavingspent2．现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。即时演练3单句语法填空①(talk)to,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.②(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules.③________(hear)thebadnews,shedidn'tknowwhattodo.④(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.BeingtalkedHavingbeentoldHearingHavingbeenasked3．动词­ing形式的否定式：not＋v.­ing;nothaving＋v．­edNotknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4．独立主格动词­ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。Allthestudentshavingsatdown,thelecturebegan.所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。Thenewyearcoming,wewerehappy.新年来了，我们很高兴。Timepermitting,Iwillgowithyou.时间允许的话，我就和你去。即时演练44－1.用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子①Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.→,weshallgothereonfoot.②AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether.→,theydiscussedittogether.4－2.完成句子③(讲座结束后),alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.④(春天来了),thetreesturnedgreen.WeatherpermittingMarycomingbackThelecturehavingbeengivenSpringcomingon5．现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……判断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2．(2019·北京高考)Nervously(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．listeningfacing3．(全国卷Ⅱ)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.4．(江苏高考)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.5．(江苏高考)ManyChinesebrands,__________________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.feedingexceedinghavingdeveloped6．(天津高考)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.7．(北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,__________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.8．(浙江高考)Soonafter,Iwasonmywaytotheshow,________(carry)afancyblackhandbagan