2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of th

Period1WarmingUp&Reading(1)Howtodealwithspacejunk?Sincepeoplefirstsentrocketsintospaceinthe1950s,wehavebeenleavingbehindallsortsofthings.Someofthem,likethecamera,werelostbyastronautswhiletheydidworkoutsidetheirspaceship.Butmuchofthespacejunkismadeupoflittlepiecesofthingsthatwereoncebiggerobjects,untiltheystruckeachotherandbrokeapart.Somethingswesendintospacefallbacktowardtheearthandburnupintheatmosphere.Butlargerpiecessometimessurvivetheextremeheatandhitthegroundortheoceanatgreatspeeds.Sothereisalwaysconcernthatsomethingmayfallfromtheskyanddosomeharm.Butspacejunkfallingonhousetops(屋顶)isnotthebiggestworry.Scientistsareconcernedaboutwhathappenswhenanemptyrocketstrikesanotherwhileorbiting(绕轨道飞行)theearth.Twobigthingsbecomemanysmallerthings.Theythenhitotherthings.Thepiecesgetsmallerandsmalleruntiltheyformacloudofjunkthatblocksthepathoffuturespacevehicles.Sowhatcanbedonetocleanupthespacearoundourplanet?MarcoCastronuovo,anItalianresearcher,talksaboutsendingasatelliteintospacethatwouldgetveryclosetosomeofthelargerpiecesofspacejunk.Thesatellitewouldconnectasmallrockettotheuselessobject.Whentherocketexplodes,itpushesthejunkintoalowerandslowerorbit,nearertheearth.Afteratime,thejunkburnsupintheatmosphere.Mr.Castronuovohasproposed(提议)usinganumberofsmallsatelliteswithroboticarms.Onearmwouldcatchthespacejunk,andanotherarmwouldconnecttherocket.Heimaginesthateachsatellitewouldjumpfromonelargepieceofjunktoanother.Hethinksthismethodcoulddestroyabouttenlargeobjectseachyear.Scientistshavebeenconcernedaboutspacejunkformanyyears.Rightnow,thecostsofthecleanuphavebeentoogreat.Mr.Castronuovosayshissystemcouldbeputinplaceforamuchmorereasonableamountofmoney.Ⅰ.识图填空globe；atmosphere；atom；chain；spaceship；satellite1．Well,Icouldputan________here.2．Ihavedetachedthewatchfromthe_____.3．Theysuccessfullylofteda________intoorbit.4．The________willbethrownintospace.5．Withoutmoderntechnologies,humanitymightnothavesoreadilyspreadacrossthe________.6．The________isabouttwentypercentoxygenandeightypercentnitrogenfromEarth'ssurfacetowherespacebeginsatonehundredtwentykilometersup.【答案】1.atom2.chain3.spaceship4.satellite5.globe6．atmosphereⅡ.中英匹配1.system______2.atom______3.globe______4.astronomy______5.religion______A．n.球体；地球仪；地球B．n.原子C．n.系统；体系；制度D．n.宗教；宗教信仰E．n.天文学【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.E5.DⅢ.构词助记1．________＋er→astronomern．天文学家2．religious＋ion→________n．宗教；宗教信仰3．________n．＋al→globaladj.全球的4．________adj.＋ly→violentlyadv.猛烈地；激烈地5．un＋like(prep.像)→__________adj.与……不同；不像6．harm(伤害；危害)＋ful→_______adj.有害的7．biology＋ist→__________n．生物学家8．space(太空)＋ship(船)→______n．宇宙飞船【答案】1.astronomy2.religion3.globe4.violent5．unlikely6.harmful7.biologist8.spaceshipⅣ.短语填空asaresultof，escapefrom，layeggs，cooldown，dependon，intime1．At25,000milesperhourourrocketwill______theearth'spull.2．Abird______inthenestithasbuilt.3．IttookCharlesalongtimeto______aftertheheatedargument.4．Youmustbearinmindthatyourparentshopeto______youtobecomeagooddoctor.5．Johnwasinjuredonhiswaytoschool______hiscarelessridingofhisbicycle.6．Doyouthinkwe'llbe______tocatchthetraintogotoParis?【答案】1.escapefrom2.layseggs3.cooldown4．dependon5.asaresultof6.intimeⅠ.通读课文，匹配段落大意Para.1A．Howhumansappearedandwhateffectstheyhadontheearth.Para.2B．Waterisveryimportanttolifeontheearth.Para.3C．Howtheearthformed.Para.4D．Howtheplantsandanimalsontheearthdeveloped.Para.5E．Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”．【答案】1.E2.C3.B4.D5.AⅡ.精读课文，选择最佳选项1．Whatbegantoappearontheearth'ssurfacewhenitcooleddown?A．Water.B．Gases.C．Acids.D．Carbon2．Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthattheauthoris________.A．confidentB．sadC．concernedD．angry3．Whatdoestheword“they”refertointhesentences“Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourand…”？A．Planets.B．Stars.C．Gases.D．Fireandrock.【答案】1～5ACDCAⅢ.难句分析1．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.分析：这是一个复合句，____是主语从句，whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe是____从句。句意：____________________________2．Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.分析：这是一个复合句，句中使用了so…that…结构，that引导了一个____状语从句，该从句又是一个复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是____________。句意：____________________________【答案】1．分析：Whatitwastobecome;定语句意：随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿－45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。2．分析：结果；whethertheshapewouldlastornot句意：地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。Ⅳ.归纳课文，完成语法填空Howtheearthbeganisunknown1.________(exact)tous.Thetheorythattheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”isawidely2.________(accept)one.Longlongago,theearthwasjustacloudofdust.3.________wasuncertainwhattheearthwas4．________(become)then.Later,thedustsettled5.________asolidglobe.Oneday,theearthexplodedloudly,6.________(produce)carbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,7.________theearth'satmospherecameintobeing.Weallknowthatwaterisfundamentalforeverylifetodevelopontheearth,foritcanhelptheearthdissolve8.________(harm)gasesandacids,makingitpossibleforlife9.________(develop)better.Millionsofyearslater,mammalsappearedontheearthandtheygavebirth10.________youngbabyanimals.【答案】1.exactly2．accepted3.It4．tobecome5.into6．producing7.so8.harmf