2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Se

Unit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]ALEXANDERGRAHAMBELLAlexanderGrahamBell①wasbornin1847inScotland,butwhenhewasyounghisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.Hismotherwasalmostentirely②deaf,soAlexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Thisinterestledhimto③inventthemicrophone④.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainst⑤hismother'sforehead⑥，hecouldmakehismotherunderstandwhathewassaying.Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussayingwas：“Leavethebeatentrack⑦occasionally⑧anddiveinto⑨thewoods.Everytime⑩youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore⑪.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit⑫，youwillhavesomethingworththinking⑬abouttooccupyyourmind.Allreallybigdiscoveriesaretheresultofthought.”Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamic⑭spiritthat⑮ledtohismostfamousinvention—thetelephonein1876.Bellneversetoutto⑯inventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesign⑰wasamultiple⑱telegraph.ThisoriginaltelegraphsentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode⑲(aseriesofdots⑳tapped○21outalongawire○22inaparticularorder)．Butonlyonemessagecouldgoatatime○23.Bellwantedtoimproveitsothat○24itcouldsendseveralmessagesatthesametime.Hedesignedamachinethatwouldseparate○25differentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthesametime.Buthefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolve○26.Onedayashewasexperimentingwith○27oneendofastraw○28joinedtoadeafman'seardrum○29andtheothertoapieceofsmokedglass,Bellnoticedthatwhenhespokeintotheear,thestrawdrewsoundwavesontheglass.Suddenlyhehadaflashofinspiration○30.Ifsoundwavescouldbereproduced○31inamovingelectricalcurrent○32，theycouldbesentalongawire.Insearchingtoimprovethetelegraph,Bellhadinventedthefirsttelephone！Bellwasfullyawareof○33theimportanceofhisinventionandwrotetohisfather：“Thedayiscomingwhentelegraphwireswillbelaidontohousesjustlikewaterorgas○34—andfriendswilltalktoeachotherwithoutleavinghome.”Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthat○35BellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.Thewordshavenowbecomefamous：“Mr.Watson—comehere—Iwanttoseeyou.”AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandheinterestedhimselfin○36manyotherareasofinvention.Heexperimentedwithhelicopter○37designsandflyingmachines.Whilesearchingforakite○38strongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,Bellexperimentedputtingtriangles○39togetheranddiscoveredthetetrahedron○40shape.Beingverystable○41，ithasprovedinvaluable○42inthedesignofbridges.Bellwasaninventorallhislife.Hemadehisfirstinventionatelevenandhislastatseventy­five.Althoughheismostoftenassociated○43withtheinventionofthetelephone○44，hewasindeedacontinuing○45searcherafterpractical○46solutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.[再记住]①AlexanderGraham/'ælIɡ'zɑːndə'ɡreIəm/Bell亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔②entirelyadv.完全地；彻底地③leadsb.todosth.致使/导致某人做某事④microphone/'maIkrəfəʊn/n.麦克风；话筒⑤press...against压在……上⑥forehead/'fɒrId/n.额头⑦beatentrack被踩出来的路；常规；惯例⑧occasionally/ə'keIʒənəlI/adv.偶然地；不时地⑨diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入⑩everytime是名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每次……”。⑪thatyouhaveneverseenbefore是that引导的定语从句，修饰something。⑫beforeyouknowit可翻译成“不知不觉地”。⑬beworthdoingsth.值得做某事，doing此处用主动形式表示被动含义。⑭dynamic/daI'næmIk/adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的⑮Itwas...that...是强调句型，此处强调了句子主语thisexploring和spirit。⑯setout(todo)开始(做)⑰whathewastryingtodesign是what引导的主语从句。⑱multiple/'mʌltIpl/adj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n．倍数⑲Morse/mɔːs/code莫尔斯电码⑳dot/dɒt/n.点；小圆点vt.以小圆点标出；分散○21tap/tæp/vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头○22wire/'waIə/n.金属丝；电线○23atatime一次○24sothat引导目的状语从句。○25thatwouldseparate...是that引导的定语从句，对amachine加以修饰和限制。○26difficulttosolve是形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/whichisdifficulttosolve。tosolve是动词不定式，用主动形式表达被动意义。○27experimentwith用/对……做实验；试用○28straw/strɔː/n.稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管○29过去分词短语joinedtoadeafman'seardrum作定语。○30aflashofinspiration灵机一动○31reproduce/'riːprə'djuːs/vt.复制；再现……的形象或声音○32current/'kʌrənt/n.(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的○33beawareof意识到○34when引导定语从句，修饰theday。iscoming是现在进行时表将来。○35itwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthat...是强调句型，强调时间状语notuntilfivedayslater。○36interestsb./oneselfin使某人/自己对某事、某物感兴趣○37helicopter/'helIkɒptə/n.直升飞机○38Whilesearchingforakite...是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：Whilehewassearchingforakite...。○39triangle/'traIæŋɡl/n．三角形；三角形物体○40tetrahedron/'tetrə'hiːdrn/n.四面体○41stable/'steIbl/adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的○42invaluable/In'væljʊəbl/adj.无价的；极宝贵的○43associate/ə'səʊʃIeIt/vt.联想；联系/ə'səʊʃIət/n.同伴；伙伴○44Although引导让步状语从句。○45continuing是现在分词作定语，意为“持续的，永不停息的”。○46practical/'præktIkl/adj.实际的；实践的；实用的[再翻译]亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔1847年出生于苏格兰，但在他还小的时候，他们家就搬到了美国的波士顿。他的母亲几乎全聋的，因此他有志于帮助聋人交流，并从事聋人教育事业。这一爱好促使他发明了麦克风。他发现他把嘴唇放到母亲的额头上，就可以使母亲听懂他所说的话。他认为一个人应当永远保持好奇心，他最著名的一句话是：“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的发明——1876年的电话。贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。这种原始的电报用莫尔斯电码长距离传送信息(莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连串点、划)。但是这样一次只能发一个信息。贝尔想改进电报通讯方式，以便同时能发出好几个信息。他设计了一种机器，可以分离不同的声波，从而有可能在同一时间里进行不同的通话。但是他发现这个问题很难解决。有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个耳聋的人的耳鼓膜连接起来，另一端连接了一块被烟熏过的玻璃。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波画在玻璃上。突然间他灵机一动。如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。在探求改进电报的过程中，贝尔发明了第一台电话机！贝尔完全意识到这项发明的重要性