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SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语语法图解探究发现①ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.②Iplacedthefrozenbowloverthesnakes'habitatandtheicecubesontopofthebowltokeepitcool.③ThenextmorningIcarriedinmyhandasmallnetusedforcatchingfish.④Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.⑤Everybodywasshockedatthenews.⑥Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain.⑦Thestorywrittenbyamiddleschoolstudentispopularinschools.⑧Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected,youareabovealltorespectothers.[我的发现](1)句①②③⑥⑦中的过去分词(短语)在句中作。(2)句②⑥中为单个的过去分词作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的;句①③⑦中过去分词短语作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的。(3)句⑤中的过去分词shocked作。(4)句④⑧中的过去分词accepted和respected在句中作,与其所修饰的中心词newideas,yourself之间构成关系。定语前面后面表语宾语补足语被动(一)过去分词作定语时的位置1.前置定语一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。Theexcitedpeople(=Thepeoplewhowereexcited)rushedintothebuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。Losttime(=Timewhichislost)canneverbefoundagain.虚度的时光无法挽回。一、过去分词作定语[点津](1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了,是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?还有什么没解决的吗?2.后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Thegirl,broughtupbyheruncle(=whowasbroughtupbyheruncle),hasbeguntoworknow.由她叔叔带大的那个女孩现在已经参加工作了。(二)过去分词作定语时的意义1.及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。Time,usedcorrectly,ismoneyinthebank.(表被动)时间如果用得正确的话,就是存在银行里的钱。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(表被动和完成)建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的地方。2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。即时演练1(1)单句语法填空①Whowerethesocalledguests(invite)toyourpartylastnight?②Theconcert(give)bytheirfriendswasasuccess.③Mr.Smith,(tire)ofthespeech,startedtoreadaninterestingnovel.④(pollute)airandwaterareharmfultopeople'shealth.Pollutedinvitedgiventired(2)句型转换⑤Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.→Thebooksyesterdayareofhighquality.⑥Thebrokenwindowwillbereplacedsoon.→Thewindowwillbereplacedsoon.brokenboughtwhich/thatis过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等,主语多为人。要注意,连系动词不仅仅是be动词,look,get,remain,stay,seem等连系动词后也可以用过去分词作表语。Allofusweremovedtotearsatthesorrowfulstory.听到那个悲伤的故事,我们都感动得流下泪来。Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后,他显得很忧虑。二、过去分词作表语[点津](1)表示心理状态的interesting,exciting,disappointing,encouraging,worrying,puzzling,satisfying,surprising,pleasing等现在分词式形容词作表语时,强调事物外在的表象,意为“令人……的”;interested,excited,disappointed,encouraged,worried,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,pleased等,强调人主观的感受,意为“感到……的”。Hearingthesurprisingnews,theywereallsurprised.听到这令人吃惊的消息,他们都很吃惊。(2)过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态;动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(主系表结构,强调杯子的状态)ThecupwasbrokenbyJim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(被动语态,强调动作)即时演练2单句语法填空①Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget(pay)bythehour.②Hegot(lose)intheforest.What'sworse,itbegantorain.③Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain______(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.④Wewereattheresultoftheexperiment,becauseitwasabittoo.(disappoint)⑤Themotherlookedatherson,looking.(worry)worriedpaidlostseateddisappointeddisappointingworriedworrying能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。能够接过去分词作宾补的有以下四类:1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词或词组。如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。Tomydelight,myfamilyheardmyarticlebroadcastbytheBBC.令我高兴的是,家人听到了我的文章在BBC电台里广播。三、过去分词作宾语补足语2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。[点津]使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时,一是表示动作是由他人完成;或者是过去分词所表示的动作说明主语的一种经历或遭遇。Becauseoftheserioustrafficaccident,hehadhislegsbroken.由于这场严重的交通事故,他的两条腿都断了。3.表示“希望”、“要求”等思维活动意义的动词。如:like,order,want,wish,expect等。Theteacherdoesn'twishsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。4.with的复合结构中。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。[点津]过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别:过去分词作宾补强调被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成;现在分词作宾补强调主动(宾语是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行;感官或使役动词后用不定式作宾补时,表示动作的全部过程,不定式符号to常省去,但在被动语态中要保留to。Inoticedagroupofchildrenplayingfootballontheplayground.我注意到一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。Hefelthimselfcheated.他感到自己被骗了。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.我看见她进入教室了。Shewasseentocomeintotheclassroom.有人看见她进入教室了。即时演练3单句语法填空①WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourself(understand).②Ongettingtothekindergarten,themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell(look)after.lookedunderstood③Newspapers,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastcankeepus(inform)aboutthelatestnewsaroundtheworld.④Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____(tie)behindhim.⑤Hewasfound(lie)ontheplaygroundyesterdaymorning.lyinginformedtied[链接高考]单句语法填空1.(2019·天津高考改编)Mostcollegesnowofferfirstyearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.解析:句意:现在,大多数大学都为大一学生开设了一门专门为他们设计的用来帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功的课程。acourse与design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应该用过去分词作后置定语。designed2.(2018·11月浙江高考)Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem(call)caffeinism.Yougetverynervousandyoucan'tsleep
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Se
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