2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 What is happiness to you Se

语法图解SectionⅣGrammar&Writing单元语法——非谓语动词(Ⅱ)①IunderstandthatyouoftenusetheexampleofthegymnastSangLantoshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.②InspiredbySangLan'sstory,thestudentsdecidetoworkharderattheirlessons.③Turningtotheleftatthecrossroads,youwillseetherailwaystationonyourright.④Havingmadeourplan,we'llputitintopractice.⑤Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtomeforhelp.探究发现[我的发现](1)①句中不定式作状语。(2)②句中过去分词(短语)作状语；③句中现在分词短语作状语。(3)④句中现在分词的作条件状语；⑤句中现在分词的形式作原因状语。目的原因完成式条件否定一、非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语：常用形式为todo,inordertodo和soastodo,其中soastodo不能置于句首。Weeattoliveratherthanlivetoeat.我们吃饭是为了活着，而不是活着为了吃饭。Inordertofindhardevidence,hesearchedthewholehouse.为了找到有力的证据，他搜查了整个房子。[即时演练1]单句语法填空/完成句子①(浙江高考)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.②(北京高考改编)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.③(全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.④(北京高考改编)(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.tocooktosavetocreateTocatch⑤鲍勃记下了我的电话号码以免忘记。Bobtookdownmytelephonenumber.⑥为了通过考试，他努力学习。,heworkedhard.(2)作原因状语：跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词，如：glad,surprised,amazed,delighted等后面。Weweresurprisedtofindeverythingchanged.发现一切都变了，我们很惊讶。soasnottoforgetitInordertopasstheexam(3)作结果状语：可以表示出人意料的结果，这时其前有时用逗号隔开或加副词only；也可以用于too...to...“太……而不能……”，...enoughto...“足够……”和so/such...asto...“如此……以至于……”句型中。IhurriedtoProfessorWang'shouseonlytofindhewasout.我匆忙地赶到王教授的家可是却发现他外出了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.他累得走不动了。[名师点津]动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，常见的此类形容词有easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,interesting,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,fit等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。Thepoemisnoteasytotranslate.这首诗翻译起来难。Themusicispleasanttolistento.这音乐听起来悦耳。[即时演练2]单句改错/单句语法填空①Hewastooexcitedtonotsayafewwords.②Hisspeechwaseasyunderstand.③Helookedoutofthewindow(find)theworldoutsidegreatlychanged.④I'msurprised(see)thatshehasgone.⑤Thewaterisnotfit(drink),soholdoutuntilwegettoashop.去掉notunderstand前加totofindtoseetodrink2．分词作状语(1)作原因状语：分词用作原因状语，通常可转换成原因状语从句。Gettinguplate(＝Ashegotuplate),hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。Greatlyencouraged(＝Asweweregreatlyencouraged),wemadeupourmindtocarryonthehardwork.由于受到极大鼓舞，我们决心将艰苦的工作继续下去。[即时演练3]单句语法填空/句型转换①(北京高考改编)(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.②(天津高考改编)(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.③(重庆高考改编)(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.④Heaskedtheteacherforhelp,becausehedidn'tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem.→thedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.FindingAbsorbedRaisedNotknowinghowtoworkout⑤Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.→hehasmade,heworksharder.(2)作时间状语：分词用作时间状语，通常可转换成时间状语从句。Hearingthegoodnews(＝Whenheheardthegoodnews),hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。Seenfromthehill(＝Whenitisseenfromthehill),theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常漂亮。Encouragedbytheprogress[即时演练4]句型转换Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.①theirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.②theirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.③Whenhewasaskedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.→whenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.OnhearingWhentheyheardAsked(3)作伴随状语或方式状语：分词用作伴随状语，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近，有时可以转换成bydoingsth.结构。Tomlayonthegrass,staringatthesky(＝andstaredatthesky)foralongtime.汤姆躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck(＝bydrivingatruck)．他靠开卡车谋生。Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards(＝andhewasfollowedbytwoguards)．他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。[即时演练5]单句语法填空①(全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.②(重庆高考改编)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(4)作条件状语：分词用作条件状语通常可转换成条件状语从句。Workinghard(＝Ifyouworkhard),youwillsucceed.努力工作，你就会成功。Givenanotherchance(＝IfIamgivenanotherchance),I'lldoitmuchbetter.如果再给我一次机会，我会做得好得多。usingtelling[即时演练6]句型转换①Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.→,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.②Unitedwewillstand;dividedwewillfall.→wewillstand;ifwearedividedwewillfall.TurningtotheleftIfweareunited(5)结果状语：分词用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示伴随谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果。Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable(＝andleftnothingvaluable)．大火持续了一周，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。[名师点津]不定式和现在分词均可表示结果，但有区别：不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，常表示未曾料到的结果或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only;现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果。[即时演练7]单句语法填空/完成句子①(天津高考改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.②(天津高考改编)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,(make)airconditioningunnecessary.③他匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知票已卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficethatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.allowingmakingonlytobetold④许多国家都踢足球，因此使得足球成了一项很流行的运动。Footballisplayedinmanycountries,.(6)作让步状语：分词用作让步状语，通常可转换成让步状语从句。Althoughlivingmilesaway(＝Althoughhelivedmilesaway),heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeatedagain(＝Althoughhewasdefeatedagain),thescientistdidn'tgiveup.尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。makingitapopularsport[名师点津]现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与其逻辑主语之间主动与被动关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词与其逻辑主语即句子主语之间为主谓关系。Hewentoutshu