2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Section

Unit2Sailingtheoceans2当今航海技术达到前所未有的水平，那么你知道古代一些有关航海方面的仪器吗？Sinan，theancientChinesecompassItwasinventedbyZhangHengintheHanDynasty.Itismadeupofabronzefoundation(青铜底盘)andmagneticspoon(磁勺)whichismadeofnaturalmagnet，positionedrightinthecenterofthefoundation.3Thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouth，whiletheothersidepointstothenorth.WhentheSinanisinthestill，thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouthbecauseoftheinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism(地磁)．4AstrolabeIthas17starslistedaswellasamapoftheskyoverhead(for37degrees)andtheecliptic(黄道)．ThetimeofdayornightisontheoutsideedgewithnoonatthetopoftheAstrolabeandmidnightatthebottom.Itcomeswithacarryingchain，apouch，andabookonitsuse.Thereversesidehasasightformeasuringtheelevationsoftheheavenlybodies.5SextantThesextantisanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.Firstasailorlooksatthehorizonthroughaneyepiece.Attheseelightfromthesunorastarreflectedoffasmallmirrorontopoftheinstrument，ontoasecondmirrorandintotheeyepiece.6Thenavigatorcanthenseetwoimages，thehorizonandthesunsidebyside.Hecanthenmeasuretheanglebetweenthemonascaleatthebottomoftheinstrument.Thescalegoesfrom0to120degrees.Anearlierinstrument，calledaquadrant，measuredinangleinthesamewaybutitcouldonlymeasureanglesfrom0to90degrees.7NauticalchartNauticalchartsaremapsofthedepthoftheseaandthecurrentsoftheoceans.Theyprovidemodernsailorswithroutesthroughtheseas，ratherlikeroadsthroughthecountryside.Theinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcenturyandhascontinuedtobeupdatedeversince.ThesechartswerenotavailabletoCaptainBlighorZhengHe.8两个诱思问题1．WhatisthetheoryoftheSinaninventedbyZhangHeng?2．WhyweretheNauticalchartsnotabletobeusedbyCaptainBlighorZhengHe?9【答案】1．Theinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism.2．Becausetheinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcentury.10SectionⅠReading(WarmingUp,Pre-reading，Reading&Comprehending)11语言基础自测12Ⅰ.根据词性及英文释义写出单词的正确形式1．n．kindness；forgiveness2．n．activityofexploring3．adj.aboveone'shead4．adj.atseanotfarfromland5．adj.madeordonewithoutanyplan136．adj.difficulttouse7．n．actofmentioning；actoflookingatforinformation8．adj.lightandthatcanbe(easily)carriedormoved【答案】1.mercy2.exploration3.overhead4.offshore5.random6.awkward7.reference8.portable14Ⅱ.短语填空maywell；atthemercyof；workout；becloseto；thenumberof；comparewith；inrelationto；ratherthan1．Iprefertowalktheretakeabus.2．Theboatwastherapidriver.3．Thisnovelbecomeaclassic.4．thosewhoaresuffering，wearebetteroff.5．Ibelievethatyoucanthisproblembyyourself.15【答案】1.ratherthan2.atthemercyof3.maywell4.Comparedwith5.workout16教材语篇细研17Ⅰ.阅读P12－13课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案1．Howmanytraditionalmethodsusedbyseamenarementionedinthepassage?A．Four.B．Five.C．Eight.2．Thepassagedoesn'ttelluswhetherskilledseamenusedtousethetojudgehispositionatsea.A．NorthStarB．sunC．moon183．Bystudyingthewinds，seamencould．A．judgethedirectionoftheshipB．knowhowfarawaytheywerefromtheirhomeC．tellthedistancetheyhaddiscovered194．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat．A．whyearlyseamenwantedtosailthesevenseasB．thereisusefulinformationinanencyclopediaC．earlysailorswentexploringtheseasusingtheirskillsandsimpleinstruments205．Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus．A．keepingalongitudeofthecoastlineisthefirstandmostusefulformofexplorationB．abouttheskillsandnavigationalaidsearlyseamenusedwhilesailingtheoceansC．thefindingoflatitudeandlongitudeisamusttoplotaship'spositiononamap【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C5.B21Ⅱ.阅读P12－13课文内容，完成下列表格KeepingalongsidethecoastlineThe1.usefulformofexploration.NorthStar:AttheNorthPoleitisatits2.position；Attheequatoritisalongthehorizon.Sun：Thesailorscouldusetheheightofthesuntoworkouttheir3..UsingnatureTohelpUsingcelestialbodiesClouds：Aspecialcloudformationindicateslandcloseby.22Seaweed：Sailorscould5.bythecolourandsmellofseaweed.Using4.Birds：Seamencouldfollowthebirdswhichreturntolandtofindland.Fog:Seamenusedfogto6.thepositionofastreamorriver.Usingnavigat­ionalinstru­mentstohelpUsingtheweatherWinds：Seamenusedwindsto7.theirsailing.23UsingtheseaCertaintidesandcurrentscouldbeusedtocarryshipstotheirdestination.FindinglongitudeSailorsknewamethodof8.longitudeusingspeedandtime.TheBearingCircle:Thefirstinstrumenttomeasure9..TheAstrolabe：Itgavetheseamenthelocaltimeandallowedthemtofindtheirlatitudeatsea.TheQuadrant:Itmeasuredhowhigh10.were.Usingnavigat­ionalinstru­mentstohelpFindinglatitudeTheSextant:Itprovedtobethemostaccurateandreliableoftheseearlynavigationalinstruments.24【答案】1.firstandmost2.highest3.latitude4.wildlife5.tell6.identify7.direct8．calculating9.thesun'sposition10.stars25Ⅲ.阅读P12－13课文内容，完成下面课文缩写Thisreadingexplainshowseamen1.(explore)theoceansandwhatkindofnavigationalinstrumentswereusedtosailors2.theseventeenthcentury3.theywerenavigatingtheopenseaswithoutseeingland.The4.(voyage)oftravellersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenot5.themercyoftheseaeventhoughtheydidnothavemodern6.(navigation)aids.Theseamencouldusecelestialbodies,wildlife,theweatherortheseatokeep267.thecoastline.Theycouldalsouse8.compasstohelpfindthedirectionthattheshipneedstogo.Theycouldusethe9.(bear)circletomeasurethesun'spositionandtelliftheyweres