2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Robots Section Ⅲ Grammar —

SectionⅢGrammar—被动语态和动词不定式的被动式语法图解探究发现用所给词的适当形式填空1．Larrypersuadedhiswifethattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowher(harm)．2．Clairethoughtitwasridiculous(offer)sympathybyarobot.3．Howawful(itis)(discover)byher.4．Bythattime,Tonyexpectedthehousecompletely___________(transform)．tobeharmedtobeofferedtobediscoveredtobetransformed[我的发现]以上各句皆用了不定式的一般式的被动语态。不定式一般式的被动语态的基本结构为：。tobedone一、被动语态的基本构成一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedone－shall/willhavebeendoneI'maskedtocleanmyroomonceaweek.我被要求每周打扫一次房间。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.广播上正在播英语课程。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeencriticizedinpublic.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。即时演练1单句语法填空①He(envy)bymanymen,becausehehasabighouse,acarandahappyfamily.②Thetourists(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.③—Hi,LiPing.CanIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry.It(repair).④Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations______________(make)．isenviedwereaccompaniedisbeingrepairedhavebeenmade二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2．复合结构的被动语态主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。注意：在主动句中，make,hear,see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。Youdon'thavetomakePeterworkhard.→Peterdoesn'thavetobemadetoworkhard.你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。3．双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.现在，爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4．短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)即时演练2句型转换(把下列句子变为被动语态)①Myfathergavemeanicepresentonmybirthday.→Anicepresentbymyfatheronmybirthday.②HemadeTomstandoutsideofthegateforhalfanhour.→Tombyhimoutsideofthegateforhalfanhour.③MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.→IbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.wasgiventomewasmadetostandwastakengoodcareof三、动词不定式的被动式和用法当动词不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。其构成形式和意义如下：构成意义一般式tobedone表示在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作完成式tohavebeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作Tobegivensuchagoodopportunitymademealittlesurprised.(主语)被给了这么好的机会，我有点惊讶。Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.(宾语)那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.(状语)他到达车站后被告知那列火车已经走了。Thenextthingtobedoneistocarryawaytheearth.(定语)下一步要做的事是把土运走。Noharmseemstohavebeendonetothem.(表语)对他们似乎并没有造成损害。即时演练3单句语法填空①Hisfatherleftthesmallvillage,never(see)again.②Weallthoughtitagreathonour_________________(invite)toattendtheopeningceremony.③Heasked(send)toTibettohelpthelocalpeople.tobeseentohavebeeninvitedtobesent四、主动形式表示被动意义1．主动语态表被动意义的几种情况(1)英语中有很多动词，如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,wear,open,sell,read,write,wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义。此时，主语通常是物，且常常和easily,well等副词连用。Hisbookssellwell,sotheyaresoldoutsoon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就卖光了。Themachinerunswell.这台机器运转良好。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构时，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况(1)不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成动宾关系，且句中出现了动作的逻辑主语时。Thevillagerwillshowyouthesecretpathtotake.这位村民将告诉你要走的秘密小道。Westillhavemanypoorchildrentotakecareof.我们仍有许多贫困儿童要去照管。(2)如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，则用不定式的被动式。I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanythingtobeposted?我要去邮局。你有东西要邮寄吗？(此句中的不定式tobeposted的执行者不是句子的主语you而是I)(3)在“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词常见的有：amusing,comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,good,fit,hard,important,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,funny等。Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.这些苹果很好吃。Thebookistooexpensiveformetobuy.这本书太贵，我买不起。(4)某些动词(如blame,let等)的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表被动意义。Thehouseistolet.此房出租。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?谁应为引起这场火灾负责？(5)在need,want,require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这座房子需要修理。即时演练4单句语法填空①Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard_________(operate)．②Wehavefourreadingpassages(complete)inthecomingholiday.③Thischeese(not,cut)easily.It'stoosoft.④Thegirliseasy(get)alongwith.⑤Thesesmalltreesneed(take)goodcareof.tooperatetocompletedoesn'tcuttogettaking/tobetaken[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay,we___________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm...2．(2019·江苏高考改编)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.wereinvitedwillhavebeeninstalledareremoved4．(2017·北京高考改编)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones___________________(not,invent)yet.5．(2017·北京高考改编)Ifthenewsafetysystem___________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.6．(2017·天津高考改编)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestall­roundformsofexercise.haven'tbeeninventedhadbeenputisregarded7．(2017·江苏高考改编)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow)．8．(2016·北京高考改编)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)withsuccessinthe