2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Section Ⅲ Gramma

SectionⅢGrammar—直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现1．“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary，”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2．“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.3．“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary？”Anne'ssisteraskedher.→Anne'ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.4．“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.5．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.6．“WhatdidEdisondotohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother？”theteacheraskedus.→TheteacheraskeduswhatEdisonhaddonetohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother.[我的发现](1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句的主语作适当改变，从句中的往往有一定改变，如句1；但陈述时时态不变，如句5。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由或引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用。如句2。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的引导的宾语从句。如句4、6。(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为。如句2、3、4、6。时态客观事实ifwhetherask疑问句陈述句语序一、定义定义例句直接引语是将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内Theteacheraskedthegirl，“DoyoulikeEnglish？”Thegirlsaid，“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号TheteacheraskedthegirlifshelikedEnglish.ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.[点津](1)引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。(2)间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则(一)人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。[助记]直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”1．“一随主”，指在直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第一人称的代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。Thefarmersaid，“Iambusyharvestingmycottonnow.”→Thefarmersaidthathewasbusyharvestinghiscottonthen.2．“二随宾”，指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Aforeigneraskedthestudents，“Canadultsstudyinformaluniversityinyourcountry？”→Aforeigneraskedthestudentsifadultscouldstudyinformaluniversityintheircountry.3．“第三人称不更新”，指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Aneducatorsaid，“Theyneedtoknowsomethingabouthisworks.”→Aneducatorsaidthattheyneededtoknowsomethingabouthisworks.即时演练1将下列句子改为间接引语①Johnsaid，“IwanttovisittheGreatWall.”→JohnsaidthatwantedtovisittheGreatWall.②Shesaid，“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidwantedtogowithher.③HeaskedKate,“You'reinterestedinbasketball,aren'tyou？”→HeaskedKatewhetherwasinterestedinbasketball.④Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.Smithsaidwasagoodworker.heherbrothersheJack(二)时态的变化句子时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时例句①Hesaid,“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema.②Iaskedtheteacher,“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeet？”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeet.[点津]下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时时态不变。Tomsaid，“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.即时演练2将下列句子改为间接引语①Hesaid，“Iamhavingsuppernow.”→Hesaidthathesupperthen.②Thedesignersaid，“Wehavebegunourproject.”→Thedesignersaidthattheytheirproject.③Isaid，“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”→IsaidthatIhersomeadvicethenextday.④“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound，”hesaid.→Hesaidthatlightmuchfasterthansound.washavinghadbegunwouldgivetravels(三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前引语用词直接引语间接引语时间状语threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去Zhangsaid，“IhopethisisnotonlyanachievementforChineseliterature.”→ZhangsaidthathehopedthatwasnotonlyanachievementforChineseliterature.“Wheredidyouhaveapicnicyesterday？”askedhisfriend.→Hisfriendaskedwherehehadapicnicthedaybefore.“Whenyoucomehere,willyoupleasebringadictionary？”theeditorsaidtotheworker.→Theeditoraskedwhethertheworkerwouldtakeadictionarywhenhewentthere.即时演练3将下列句子改为间接引语①“Shewashereoneweekago，”saidJohn.→Johnsaidthat.②“Heiscomingtonight，”mymothersaidtome.→Mymothertoldmethat.③Theysaid，“Wearrivedthismorning.”→Theysaidthat.④Hesaid，“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaidthat.shehadbeenthereoneweekbeforehewascomingthatnighttheyhadarrivedthatmorninghehadtakenithomewithhim(四)连接词的选择1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。Hesaid，“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.[点津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为toldsb.。Shesaidtome，“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导。Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.[点津]如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“What'syourname？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.[点津]疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。即时演练4将下列句子改为间接引语①Marywroteinherletter，“Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica？”→MaryaskedinherletterMr.LiuwouldcometoA