2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Art Section Ⅰ Warming Up &

MonetClaudeMonet(1840－1926),aFrenchpainterhelpedtostarttheImpressionistmovement.Heisfamousfor①hispaintings②ofthecountrysideinwhichhetriedtoshowtheeffectsoflightbypaintingthesamepictureatdifferenttimesofdayorindifferenttypesofweather.VanGoghVanGogh(1853－1890),aDutchpainter,wenttoliveinsouthernFranceandhelpedtodevelopthestyle③ofPost­Impressionism.Hispaintingstypically④usebrightcolorsandhavethicklines.OneofthemostfamousonesisSunflowers.Heisalsoknownforbeingmentally⑤illandcuttingoffoneofhisearsandlaterkillinghimself.Poorashewasduringhislife,hispaintingsarenowextremely⑥valuableandsoldforveryhighprices.PicassoPicasso(1881－1973),aSpanishartist,isregardedasoneofthegreatestandmoreoriginalartistsofthe20thcentury.AfterbeingtrainedasanartistinBarcelonaandMadrid,hemovedtoParisin1900andstayedthereformanyyears.HehelpedtodevelopCubismandotherstylesofAbstract⑦art.Andhisworksaredividedintoperiods,suchasthe“BluePeriod”andthe“RosePeriod”.HismanyfamouspaintingsincludeLesDemoisellesD'avignonandGuernica,acriticism⑧ofwarandFascism.[多积词汇]①befamousfor以……闻名②paintingn.绘画③stylen.风格；类型④typicallyadv.典型地⑤mentallyadv.精神上；智力上⑥extremelyadv.非常，极其；极端地⑦abstractadj.抽象的；深奥的⑧criticismn.批评；考证；苛求SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[读文清障][原文呈现]ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGArtisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaith①ofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart②，itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.Consequently③，thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones,startingfromthesixthcenturyAD④.①faith/feIθ/n.信任；信心；信念faithfully/'feIθfəlI/adv.忠实地②as引导原因状语从句。③consequently/'kɒnsIkwəntlI/adv.因而；所以④现在分词短语startingfrom...在句中作定语，修饰ones。[读文清障][原文呈现]TheMiddleAges⑤(5thto15thcenturyAD)DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaim⑥ofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.Aconventional⑦artistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeopleastheyreallywere.Atypical⑧pictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols,whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevident⑨thatideaswerechanginginthe13thcentury⑩whenpainterslikeGiottodiBondone⑪begantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.⑤theMiddleAges中世纪⑥aim/eIm/n.目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力⑦conventional/kən'venʃənl/adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的⑧typical/'tIpIkl/adj.典型的；有代表性的⑨evident/'evIdənt/adj.明显的；明白的⑩Itis/wasevidentthat...“显然……”，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。⑪GiottodiBondone/'dʒɒtəʊdI'bɒndən/乔托(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)西方绘画艺术简史艺术受一个民族的生活习俗和信仰影响。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能去全面的描述它们。因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种(艺术风格)。中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。这个时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与爱戴之情。但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。[读文清障][原文呈现]TheRenaissance⑫(15thto16thcentury)DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopt⑬amorehumanistic⑭attitudetolife.AtthesametimepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewantedtopossess⑮theirownpaintings,sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperb⑯palacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves,theirhousesandpossessions⑰aswellas⑱theiractivitiesandachievements.⑫renaissance/rI'neIsns;US'renəsɑːns/n.新生；复兴；复活theRenaissance文艺复兴(时期)⑬adopt/ə'dɒpt/vt.采用；采纳；收养⑭humanistic/ˌhjuːmə'nIstIk/adj.人道主义的⑮possess/pə'zes/vt.拥有；具有；支配⑯superb/suː'pɜːb；sjuː'pɜːb/adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的⑰possession/pə'zeʃn/n.(尤作复数)所有；财产⑱aswellas既……又……；也，连接两个并列成分。[读文清障][原文呈现]⑲perspective/pə'spektIv/n.透视画法；透视图；观点⑳technique/tek'niːk/n.技术；方法；技能○21Masaccio/mə'sɑːtʃIəʊ/马萨乔(意大利画家)○22Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeen...是含有虚拟语气的复合句，表示与过去事实相反的情况。Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective⑲.Thistechnique⑳wasfirstusedbyMasaccio○21in1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures○22.[读文清障][原文呈现]Bycoincidence○23，oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieces○24forwhichthisperiodisfamous○25.○23coincidence/kəʊ'InsIdəns/n.巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合bycoincidence巧合地○24masterpiece/'mɑːstəpiːs/n.杰作；名著○25这里without引导的介词短语表述非真实条件，整个句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。forwhich...是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪提出的那些。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而且采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品以便用来装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能够看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。[读文清障][原文呈现]○26impressionism/Im'preʃənIzəm/n.印象主义；印象派impressionist/Im'preʃənIst/adj.印象派的n.印象派艺术家post­impressionistadj.后印象派的n.后印象派艺术家○27agreatdeal大量○28breakawayfrom脱离○29介词短语Amongthepainters位于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。Impressionism○26(late19thtoearly20thcentury)Inthelate19thcentury,Europechangedagreatde