2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Art Section Ⅰ Warming Up &

Unit1Art[话题导读]Britainknownforartistictalent英国璀璨的视觉艺术代表CreativenationBritainseemstohaveplentyofcreativityintheperformingandvisual(视觉的)arts.Perhapsthisisbecauseofalargepopulationinsuchasmallgeographicalarea.CertainlyBritishpeoplehavebeengoingtoseefilmsandplaysformanygenerations.TheatricaltraditionTheatresinBritaindatebacktothe16thcenturyandthecountry’smostfamouswriterandactor，WilliamShakespeare.Performersoftengainexperienceinregional(地区的)theatresandLondonhasastrongtraditionofshowingplaysandmusicalsinthe“WestEnd”．Theseattractaudiencesintheirmillionsfromhomeandabroad.Onetheatrehasputonthesameplayfor60years!FilmstarsTheearlydaysoffilm­makingwereinfluencedbycreativetalentslikeCharlieChaplin.BorninLondon’spoorEastEnd，hewentfrombeingachildentertainertoapioneerofsilentmoviesinHollywood.Britishactorsafterhimwereclassicallytrained(受过传统技能训练的)，butsoonappearedoncinemascreenstoo—LaurenceOlivier，RichardBurtonandAlecGuinnessbecameworld­famous，alongwithAudreyHepburnandJulieAndrews.Thenextgeneration，actorslikeSeanConnery，AnthonyHopkins，JudyDenchandMaggieSmith，arestillfamiliarnamestoday.BehindthecameraThereareseveralwell­knownBritishdirectorsandproducers(制片人)．AlfredHitchcockcreatedawholegenre(类型)，whileDavidPuttnamhasmademoviesabouttheOlympicGames(ChariotsofFire)andgenocide(大屠杀)inCambodia(TheKillingFields)．Thetwomajorstudios(工作室)intheUKareShepperton，nearLondon，wherefilmssuchasGandhi(《甘地》)andAlien(《异形》)wereshot，andPinewood，thehomeofJamesBond.VisualexpressionThevisualartsalsodisplayBritain'screativespirit，fromRomanticAgepainterslikeTurnerandConstabletogroupssuchasthePre­Raphaelites.Theworksoftoday'sartists—DamienHirstorTraceyEmin—areoftenshockingandcontroversial(有争议的)andsellforhighprices.Incontrast(与此相反)，manymajorartgalleriesarefreeforeveryone，andincitystreetsgraffiti(涂鸦)isrecentlybecomingbothanartformandatouristattraction.HiddentalentsToday'scheapsoftwaremeansthatcreativityispresentinmuchcomputergamesdesign.ThesuccessofTombRaider(《古墓丽影》)showshowdevelopershavebecomethelatestexamplesofBritain'screativegenius.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Pre-reading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGArtisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaith①ofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart，itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.【1】Consequently②，thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones，startingfromthesixthcenturyAD【2】．【1】As在此引导原因状语从句，主句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是todescribealloftheminsuchashorttext。【2】startingfromthesixthcenturyAD是现在分词短语作定语，修饰前面themostimportantones。[再记住]①faith/feIθ/n.信仰；信任；信心；信念②consequently/'kɒnsIkwəntlI/adv.所以；因而相当于inconsequence/asaconsequence/asaresult。[再翻译]西方绘画简史艺术受一个民族的风俗和信仰的影响。西方的艺术风格已经经历过多次变革。由于西方艺术有太多不同的风格，在这样短的一篇文章里不可能对它们全部进行描述。因此，本文只描述从公元6世纪以来最重要的那些艺术风格。[先读通]TheMiddleAges(5thto15thcenturyAD)DuringtheMiddleAges，themainaim③ofpainterswastorepresent④religiousthemes.Aconventional⑤artistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeopleastheyreallywere【3】．Atypical⑥pictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols，whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevident⑦thatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealistic⑧way.【4】【3】as在此引导方式状语从句。【4】本句中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语；that引导的从句中又包含一个when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the13thcentury。TheRenaissance⑨(15thto16thcentury)DuringtheRenaissance，newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopt⑩amorehumanistic⑪attitudetolife.AtthesametimepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewantedtopossess⑫theirownpaintings，sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperb⑬palacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves，theirhousesandpossessionsaswellas【5】theiractivitiesandachievements⑭.【5】aswellas意为“除……之外，也”，用来连接两个并列成分。当连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数同aswellas前的成分保持一致。Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective⑮.Thistechnique⑯wasfirstusedbyMasaccioin1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings，theywereconvinced⑰thattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.【6】Bycoincidence⑱，oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime，whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper【7】．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieces⑲forwhichthisperiodisfamous【8】．【6】本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语用的是“haddone”形式，主句谓语用的是“wouldhavedone”形式。【7】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。在该定语从句中过去分词短语usedinpaintings作定语，修饰thecolours；该定语从句中还包含一个“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中省略了to的动词不定式短语lookricheranddeeper作宾语补足语。【8】此处是“介词(for)＋关系代词(which)”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词masterpieces。[再记住]③aim/eIm/n.目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力④represent/ˌreprI'zent/vt.展现；表现；展示；代表representative/ˌreprI'zentətIv/adj.典型的；有代表性的n．代表⑤conventional/kən'venʃənl/adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的⑥typical/'tIpIkl/adj.典型的；有代表性的⑦evident/'evIdənt/adj.明显的；明白的Itisevidentthat...显然……⑧realistic/rIə'lIstIk/adj.现实主义的；逼真的；现实的⑨renaissance/rI'neIs