2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 3 Literature Section Ⅲ Gram

语法图解SectionⅢGrammar—倒装和强调句探究发现①Herearesomenewmagazines.②Inthemiddleoftheroomwasatable.③LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.④Notuntilatleastthirtysecondshadpassed,wasthemanabletospeak.⑤Nosoonerhadtheboyspokenthesewordsthanthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.⑥NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit.⑦Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.⑧ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.[我的发现](1)以上句中，①②句中谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装。③⑦句中谓语的一部分放在主语之前，为倒装。(2)由③⑥句可知，具有意义的副词(短语)位于句首，句子要部分倒装。(3)由⑦句可知，当only位于句首，且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要倒装。(4)⑧句为强调句型，其构成为＋被强调部分＋＋句子其他成分。部分否定部分Itis/waswho/that一、倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。若把谓语动词放在主语之前，则构成倒装句。如果谓语全部放在主语之前，叫全部倒装，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时；如果只有助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，则构成部分倒装。1．全部倒装(1)当表示方位或时间等的副词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首，且主语是名词时。Outrushedagirlandacat.一个女孩和一只猫冲了出来。Awayflewthebirds.鸟儿飞走了。[名师点津]以上结构中，主语为代词时，不能构成倒装。(2)当表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首且主语是名词时。Inthefrontofthestagestandsafamoussinger.舞台前站着一位著名的歌唱家。(3)形容词(短语)，过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)或介词短语作表语位于句首时，且主语部分较长时，其结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。PresentatthemeetingareProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人。Hangingonthewallisapicturedrawnbya6­year­oldboy.墙上挂的是一个6岁男孩画的画。2．部分倒装(1)表示否定意义的not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely,little,innocase,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition,notuntil等置于句首时。SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公交车上班。NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.直到昨天小约翰才改变他的主意。(2)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.只有用这种方式你才能从错误中吸取教训。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.直到1918年战争结束时，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。(3)以so,neither,nor开头的句子用部分倒装，表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者。HestudiesEnglishwell;sodoeshissister.他英语学得很好，他妹妹也是如此。Marycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.玛丽不会骑自行车，露西也不会。(4)在so...that...与such...that...句型中，so与such部分位于句首时，要用部分倒装。Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。(5)hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...but(also)...等连接两个句子，hardly,nosooner,notonly置于句首时，紧接否定词之后的句子要用部分倒装语序。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚开口说话就被父亲制止了。Notonlydidherefusethegift,but(also)heseverelycriticizedthesender.他不但拒绝了礼物，而且还严厉批评了送礼的人。(6)含有were,should,had的虚拟条件句，可以省略if，将were,should,had提到句首进行倒装。Wereshemyfriend,Iwouldaskherforhelp.如果她是我的朋友，我就会向她求助。Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.他要是听了我的建议，就成功了。(7)as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。Uglyas/thoughtheoldmanis,heiskind.虽然那位老人很丑，但他很善良。[名师点津]当作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，名词前不用冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。即时演练11－1.句型转换①Henotonlylikesreadingstories,butalsohecanwritesome.→Notonly__________________________，butalsohecanwritesome.②Atalltreewithahistoryof1,000yearsjuststandsinfrontofourhouse.→Justinfrontofourhouse________________withahistoryof1,000years.doeshelikereadingstoriesstandsatalltree③ItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackhomeafterworkthatDavidbegantodohishomework.→Notuntilhismothercamebackhomeafterwork__________________todohishomework.④Hehadnosoonertakenouthiscellphonethantheheadteachercameintotheclassroom.→Nosooner_____________outhiscellphonethantheheadteachercameintotheclassroom.didDavidbeginhadhetaken1－2.完成句子⑤Notuntilaweeklater________________(他才收到)theletterfromhissister.⑥Jacklikesskating.________________(玛丽也是如此)．⑦Ontopofthebooks________________(是相册)you'relookingfor.didhereceiveSodoesMaryisthephotoalbum⑧Ifailedthefinalexaminationlastterm.Onlythen________________(我才意识到)thatIhadwastedalotoftime.⑨Notonly________________(他被迫)tosurrender,buteverythinghehadwastakenaway.⑩________________(……的日子过去了)whenChinesewerelookeddownupon.⑪________________(尽管她还是个学生),shecanmakesomemoneytohelpsupportthefamily.didIrealizewasheforcedGonearethedaysStudentassheis1．结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分。(1)如果句子用的是过去的某种时态，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在的某种时态，强调结构中就用is。(2)强调“人”时，可以用who代替that；强调其他时，一律用that。二、强调句型(3)强调句型用来强调主语、宾语、状语等除谓语以外的句子成分。Allthemembersheldameetingintheclubyesterday.昨天所有会员在俱乐部举行了一次会议。＝Itwasameetingthatallthemembersheldintheclubyesterday.(强调宾语)＝Itwasintheclubthatallthemembersheldameetingyesterday.(强调地点状语)＝Itwasyesterdaythatallthemembersheldameetingintheclub.(强调时间状语)＝Itwasallthemembersthat/whoheldameetingintheclubyesterday.(强调主语)2．一般疑问句的结构：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？Wasityourmotherwhomadethedecision?这个决定是你妈妈做的吗？3．特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that/who＋句子其他成分？Whywasitthathedidn'tgettoschoolontime?为什么他没有按时到校？4．not...until...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋其他成分。Itwasnotuntilhefinishedallhishomeworkthathewenttobedlastnight.昨天晚上他直到完成所有的作业才去睡觉。即时演练22－1.单句改错①ItwasonNationalDaywhenwevisitedtheForbiddenCity._________②Itwasnotuntilhegothomewhereherememberedhehadlefthiscellphoneintheoffice.__________③Itisbecauseheisinterestedinspacewhyhewantstobecomeanastronautinthefuture.__________when→thatwhere→thatwhy→that2－2.句型转换④Alicecameacrossherolduniversityfriendonthetrainthedaybeforeyesterday.→_______________________Alicecameacrossherolduniversityfriendthedaybeforeyesterday.(强调地点状语)⑤DidtheSecondWorldWarbreakoutin1939?→__________________theSecondWorldWarbrokeout？(强调句的一般疑问句结构)ItwasonthetrainthatWasitin1939that⑥Wheredidyoupickupthewallet?→___________________youpickedup