2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 1 Small Talk Section Ⅲ Inte

Module1SmallTalkSectionⅢIntegratingSkills&CulturalCorner练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]MakingFriendsintheUSAIntheUSA，conversationislesslivelythaninmanyothercultures,whereeveryonetalksatthesametime①.Whensomeonetalks，everyoneisexpectedtolisten②，nomatterhowdulltheperson'sspeakingmaybe③.Ifyou'renotsurewhattotalkabout,youcanaskwhatpeopledo④.We'redefined⑤byourjobsandwe'reusuallyhappytotalkaboutthem，unless⑥you'reaspy！SomepeoplesaythatAmericanstalkabouttheirfeelingsmorethanAsians，butaremoresecretive⑦aboutfactual⑧matters.Youcansafelyaskquestionsaboutfamilies,whereyoucomefrom,leisureinterests,aswellas⑨thelatest⑩movies.We'reinterestedin⑪people'sethnic⑫backgroundtoo.Butit'sbesttoavoidpolitics，religion⑬andothersensitive⑭topics⑮.Ahighlypersonalconversationcantakeplaceafteraveryshortperiodofknowingsomeone,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatyou'reclosefriends,ortherelationshipisverydeep.Butalotofpeopleareveryfriendlyandhospitable⑯，andthefamousinvitation“Ifyou'reeverinMinneapolis/SanDiego/Poughkeepsie，do⑰callby⑱andseeus！”isnevermadewithoutagenuine⑲desire⑳tomeetagain.Butwhile○21fewAmericanswillworryaboutthequestionsyoumayask,particularly○22ifyouclearlyshowyou'reawareof○23culturaldifferences，theymayhesitate○24beforetheyaskyousimilarquestions.Infact,it'sasignthattheydon'twishtoviolate○25yourprivate○26life○27.So，manyAmericanswilltalkaboutsafetopicsbecausetheydon'tdaretobetoocurious○28orpersonal,butwillhappilytalkaboutmoreprivatemattersifyoutakethelead○29.Generally○30wedislikearguments○31，andweavoidtopicswhichleadto○32disagreement.It'seasytoreturntodiscussingtheweather○33：“DoyouliketheUSA？Howdoyouliketheweather？”ormakingcompliments○34：“Whatlovelyflowersandwhatabeautifulvase！”“That'safabulousdressyou'rewearing.”Youshouldacceptcomplimentsgraciously○35andsay“Thankyou！”Thereareacoupleofdangeroustopicsofconversation:ageandmoney.Ageisnottreatedas○36somethingveryspecial○37，unlesssomeoneisveryold：“Isn'tshewonderfulforherage！”andtherearenospecialrulesorsignsofextrarespectforelderlypeople.Anyway○38，Americansalwayswanttolookyoungerthantheyreallyare,sodon'texpectanaccurate○39reply！Incomeisaveryprivatematter,andyou'ddowellto○40avoidasking○41howmuchpeopleearn，althoughsomepeoplemaynotonlybeopenaboutit，butshowoff○42theirwealth○43.Wedon'taskhowmuchthingscost,either.Butwhatwedon'tlike○44issilence,andalmostanythingisbetterthantheembarrassment○45ofaquietpartyandsilentguests.[再记住]①atthesametime同时②beexpectedtodo被期望做……③nomatterhow“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。④Ifyou'renotsure...是条件状语从句，从句中whatto...作sure的宾语；主句youcanask...中whatpeopledo作ask的宾语。⑤define[dΙ'faΙn]v.解释；给……下定义⑥unlessconj.(＝if...not)除非⑦secretive['siːkrətΙv]adj.秘而不宣的；隐藏的besecretiveabout对……隐藏⑧factual['fæktʃəl]adj.实际的；事实的；确实的⑨aswellas不但……而且……aswell也；又⑩latestadj.最新的⑪beinterestedin对……感兴趣⑫ethnicadj.民族的；种族的⑬religionn.宗教(信仰)⑭sensitiveadj.敏感的besensitiveto对……敏感⑮句中it是形式主语，toavoid...是真正的主语。⑯hospitable[hɒ'spΙtəbl]adj.好客的；殷勤的⑰do置于动词原形前，用来强调谓语。⑱callby顺道来访⑲genuine['dʒenjuΙn]adj.纯粹的；真正的，真实的⑳desiren.渴望；欲望desiretodosth.渴望做某事○21while“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。○22particularlyadv.特别地；尤其(＝inparticular)○23(be)awareof知道beawarethat...知道……○24hesitatev.迟疑；犹豫不决○25violate['vaΙəˌleΙt]v.骚扰；妨碍；侵犯○26privateadj.私人的；个人的○27thatthey...是同位语从句，解释asign的内容。○28curiousadj.好奇的becuriousabout对……好奇○29takethelead带头；领先○30generallyadv.大体上；一般地(＝ingeneral)○31argumentn.争论○32leadto导致(to为介词)○33Itis/was＋adj.＋todosth.做某事是……的。it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。○34complimentn.称赞；夸奖○35graciously['ɡreΙʃəsli]adv.优雅地○36betreatedas被当作同义短语：beregarded/thoughtof/consideredas○37修饰something，nothing等不定代词的形容词要放在其后面。○38anyway＝anyhow不管怎样○39accurateadj.确切的；准确的○40dowelltodo...最好做……○41avoiddoing...避免做……○42showoff炫耀○43althoughsomepeople...是让步状语从句，其中含有notonly...but(also)．..结构。○44whatwedon'tlike是主语从句。○45embarrassmentn.尴尬[再翻译]在美国交朋友在美国，交谈比在许多别的国家沉闷得多，在别的国家大家都一起聊天。当有人说话时，不管他可能说得多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。如果你不确定谈论什么，你可以问一下别人是做什么的。工作体现着我们的特质，而且我们通常乐意去谈论它们，除非你是一个间谍！有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多，但他们对现实的事情却更隐藏。你除了可以很放心地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等问题。我们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。但最好避免政治、宗教和其他敏感话题。两个人认识很短时间，就可能会有亲密的交谈，但这并不意味着你们就是亲密的朋友或关系非常好了。但许多人非常友好、好客，如果无意再相见，他们是不会做出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯/圣地亚哥/波基普西，务必顺道来看看我们！”这种人们所惯见的邀请的。但是尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提出的问题，尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时，在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。事实上，这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。因此，许多美国人都谈论一些安全的话题，因为他们不敢(表现得)太好奇或太冒昧，但如果你首先引入(私人话题)，他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。回到天气的讨论中很容易：“你喜欢美国吗？你觉得这儿的天气怎么样？”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花，多么漂亮的花瓶啊！”“你穿的那条连衣裙真漂亮。”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。年龄并没有被当作很特殊的话题，除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄，难道她活得不精彩吗？”而且没有格外尊敬老人的特别规定或迹象。不管怎样，美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些，因此别指望他们给出确切的回答！收入是一种非常私密的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此并不保密，反而还炫耀他们的财富。我们也不问东西值多少钱。但是我们不喜欢沉默不语，几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。通语篇学理解重分析2语篇理解Ⅰ.ReadthetextonP8～9andchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．What'sthereasonforEsthertohavethemotto“EverytimeIopenmymouth，Iputmyfootinit”？A．Shewasthemostoutspokenhumanbeingintheworld.B．Shewasnotaverygoodsaleswoman.C．Shehadacompleteabsenceofsmalltalk.D．Shehadneverlearntthebasicrulesofthesmalltalk.2．FromtheconversationbetweenEstherandoneofhercustomersinParagraph3to5，wecanknowthat________.A．EstherwasquitefamiliarwiththecustomerB．EstherwaslaughingatthecustomerforheroldlookingC．itwas