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SectionⅢGrammar—复习主语和动词语法图解探究发现①AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.②TheycallitAntiArktikos,orAntarctica...③98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.④Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.⑤Swimmingisagoodexercise.⑥Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.⑦Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitableplace.⑧Ihopetoseeyousoon.⑨Hecameinandsatdown.⑩Thestudentwentpalewhenhesawtheteacher.⑪Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.⑫Wehadn'twalkedfarwhenwelostourway.[我的发现](1)①~⑥句中的黑体部分在句中均作。(2)由④⑤⑥句可知,不定式、动词ing形式、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用形式。(3)⑦句中用作形式主语。(4)⑧~⑫句中,黑体部分均为,且句中的动词可直接作谓语,而句中的黑体部分不能单独作谓语。主语单数it动词⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫一、主语1.主语:主语是句子动作的发出者,是句子叙述的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。2.主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。通常位于谓语动词前。Manypeoplediedduringfamineseveryyearbeforeliberation.解放前每年有许多人在饥荒中死亡。(名词作主语)Twothirdsofthesepostsareopentofreshcollegegrads.这些岗位中,三分之二是向大学应届毕业生开放的。(数词作主语)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(“the+形容词”表示一类人作主语)Todecideistoact.决定即行动。(动词不定式作主语)Beingabletoparticipateinthecontestismyhonour.能参加比赛是我的荣幸。(动名词作主语)Whatyousaidhasshakenmeup.你说的话令我十分震惊。(从句作主语)Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeeting.我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。(句中it为形式主语,when引导的名词性从句作真正的主语)Thereisnothingtogetexcitedabout.没有什么值得激动的。(therebe句型中,主语通常放在be之后)即时演练1画出下面句子中的主语①Ittakesushourstodoourhomeworkeveryday.答案:takesushourseveryday.②Onemustadmirehimforhiswillingness.答案:mustadmirehimforhiswillingness.③“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.答案:isagreeting.IttodoourhomeworkOne“Howdoyoudo?”④Thereisachemicalworksoverthere.答案:Thereisoverthere.⑤Fiveminutesisenoughforustofinishthetask.答案:isenoughforustofinishthetask.⑥Learninghowtoraisethesails,ofcourse,isanimportantpartofasailor'straining.答案:,ofcourse,isanimportantpartofasailor'straining.achemicalworksFiveminutesLearninghowtoraisethesails二、动词动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词。根据词义及在句中的作用可分为实义动词(或称行为动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。1.动词的分类(1)按句法功能分分类用法例句及物动词及物动词后接宾语意义才完整,如get,reach等Ihavelearned2,000Englishwords.我已经学了2000个英语单词。实义动词不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整,其后无需跟宾语Tomwentoutjustnow.汤姆刚刚出去了。系动词系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成系表结构,如be,become,turn,go,feel等Heseemshappy.他看起来很幸福。助动词助动词本身无意义,不能单独作谓语,和主要动词构成各种时态、语态等以及帮助主要动词构成疑问句、否定句或强调句,如do,have,will等Ihaveheardofhimbefore.我以前听说过他。情态动词情态动词有一定的词义,主要用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法,如can,may,must等Youneedn'tdoitrightaway.你不必立刻做这事。(2)按意义分延续性动词能持续一段时间的动作,如learn,live,work等动态动词非延续性动词不能持续、瞬间发生的动作,如open,leave,see等静态动词stand,remain,like,think,sleep,lie等[名师点津]非延续性动词常与表示时间点的时间状语连用,若用于否定句,则可以和表示一段时间的状语连用;而延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用。Everydayheopenstheshopateighto'clock.每天他8点打开店门。Theydidn'tleavehomeforamonthlastyear.去年他们有一个月的时间未离开家。Hehasremainedsilentfor2hours.他保持沉默两个小时了。2.动词的时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在is/am/are/+表语动作;动词原形[第三人称单数,动词原形+(e)s]is/am/are+doinghas/have/donehas/have/beendoing过去was/were+表语动作;动词过去式was/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing将来shall/will+动词原形shall/willbedoingwillhavedone-过去将来would+动词原形wouldbedoingwouldhavedone-即时演练2(1)单句语法填空①Astudylastyear(show)thatabout8milliontonsofplasticenterstheoceanseveryyear.②Languagescannotbetaught;theycanonly(learn).③Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,(be)goingtovisitBeijingnextmonth.④Ononeoccasion,he(trap)byasnowstorminavastmountainousarea.showedbelearnediswastrapped⑤Hethankedmeforhelpinghimashe(ask)fourothersbeforeandtheytoldhimno.(2)单句改错⑥LastMonday,weholdamonitorelectionduringourclassmeeting.⑦IhaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinAustraliaformyfurthereducation.hadaskedhold→heldoffered前加been⑧Betweenthetworowsoftreesstandtheteachingbuilding.⑨Shedoesn'therhomeworkinthemorningbutintheevening.⑩Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.stand→standsdoesn't后加dochose→choose[链接高考]单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,six作主语,指代sixpolarbearsubpopulations,谓语动词应用复数形式,故填are。are2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we___________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,...解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示发生在过去的事情,且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。wereinvited3.(2018·天津高考改编)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto________winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.whoever解析:考查名词性从句。句意:金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。分析句子结构可知,空格处在从句中作主语,指人,故填whoever。4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词,又因主语为Fastfood,故填is。is5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.解析:考查动词的时态和语态。在when引导的状语从句中没有谓语,故空格处应为谓语部分,由tastes可知本句的主体时态为一般现在时,fatandsalt是复数概念,且与remove之间为被动关系,应用remove的被动语态,故填areremoved。areremoved6.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.解析:考查动词的时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系,而且由became可知是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填managed。managed7.(2017·北京高考改编)Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.解析:考查名词性从句。句意:每年,在风筝节,风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,指人,故填whoever。whoever8.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.studies解析:考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,空格处所填的词为句子的主语,谓语动词为show,故空格处应填stu
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 1 Deep South Section Ⅲ Gram
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