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,。1906~2005,0.56~0.92℃(IPCC,Intergovernmen-talPanelonClinnateCharge,2007)。,。()、、,(,2007)。、,(、),,(,2007)。,,。,,,。,,。,。11.1,;,、,,,。。2080,2080:2009-10-03:,,。:(2007BAC03A02)(CAFYBB2007038)。1,21,23(1100091;2100091;3100600):。,,。。,,。,。:;;;;:F316.23:A:1673-338X(2009)11-0078-06TheImpactofClimateChangeonChineseForestryandItsAdaptationProposalsZhuJianhua1,2HouZhenhong1,2ZhangXiaoquan3(1InstituteofForestEcology,EnvironmentandProtection,ChineseAcademyofForestry,Beijing10009;2KeyLaboratoryonForestEcologyandEnvironment,StateForestryAdministration,Beijing100091;3TheNatureConservancy,Beijing100600)Abstract:ClimatechangehashaddetectableimpactsonforestryinChina.Globalwarmingandincreasingex-tremeclimateeventswillimpactChineseforestryinmanyaspectsinthefuture.Chineseforestryplaysimportantroleandhasspecialstatusinclimatechangemitigation.Thispaperreviewedmainresultsandmethodologiesofrelativeresearches,summarizedtheobservedandfutureimpactsofclimatechangeonforestinChina,andthefunctionofforestryinclimatechangemitigationandadaptation.Relativeforestrypoliciesandactivityplansforclimatechangemitigationandadaptationwereproposed.KeyWords:climatechange,forestry;impact;mitigation;adaption78No.112009FORESTRYECONOMICS··0.5℃,2;1℃,3.5。,0.5℃,4;1.0℃,8.8(,2002)。1960~2005,,,,,。1℃,9,10,5(,2008)。1950~2004102.9,1.5~2.0。、,(Lu,2006)。1.2,,。,。1961~2003、(,2007)。。16.5%、1900m2300m,10%(,2002)。(,2005)。,,,108.5m(Moseley,2006)。。,(,2008)。,(,2004)。,,、。,、、。(,2005),。,,,、(,2008)。,,(,2000)。HADCM2SUL,、、,、,,(,2006)。CO2,,;,1/2,(,2005)。,;,(,2001;,2002)。1.3CO2,,,12%~35%(,2000)。,(,2002)。,,,。CO2、。CO2,2091~2100NPP,;CO2,NPP,,(Ju,2007)。,;,(,2008)。NPPNEP;(20%)(3℃),NPPNEP;、()(,2008)。1.4,,,,,。。2000,,,。、。,,79:,,(,2009)。1980~1999,,;,,(,2003)。,。,2006,158,。,2008,2~10,50t/hm2,100t/hm2,(30t/hm2),,200831999~20073,310.86(,2009)。,,,,,,。90,800hm2,,426.67hm2,80%。,,,20071253.33hm2,。19612001,,,(,2003)。、、、、、,、。,,。70,20002001,,。1972~2002,1℃,33、4。,,,。,3800~4000m。,11。19981997(,2005;,2007)。1.5。,CO2。(CEVSA),2080,,2090,(,2006)。Tan(2007)NDVI,200.0082PgC,。FORCCHN,1981~2002CO2(,2008)。(2100),,(,2008)。Ju(2007)InTEC,(CO2),2091~2100NPP,。,CO2,CO2。CO2,2091~2100,。,,,。,14,、、、、,、、、、、、、,、,(,2004)。1.6,,、、。、,,。PRECIS,2020、205021,100km、200km350km,、。,,80··200911,,“”。“”“”,,,,,。,,。,-(,2007)。22.1,,50%。282.7GtC,1hm271.5tC,、,1hm2161.1tC(FAO,2006)。IPCC(Ciaisetal.,2000),2477GtC,20%,80%。30%,77%,39%。()1.9~5。,,CO2。,。,-(BEF),31.04~45.75tChm2,FAO(2006),IPCC。,1973~1976、1977~1981、1984~1988、1989~19931994~1998()3.75~4.44GtC、3.91~4.38GtC、3.26~4.45GtC、3.70~4.63GtC4.75GtC。,5GtC15GtC(,2007)。2.2CO2,CO2,。1m3,1.83tCO2。60GtC,20.1GtC,7.4GtC,2.4GtC(Sabineetal.,2004)。,20800.2±1.0GtC/,1.9±1.3Gt/C1.7?0.8Gt/C;900.7?1.0Gt/C,2.3±1.3Gt/C1.6?0.8GtC/(Ciaisetal.,2000)。0.04GtC,NPP0.61GtC/,0.13GtC/,0.44GtC/,0.17GtC/,0.27GtC/(,2001)。19900.098GtC/,16.8%,0.118GtC/,0.0184GtC/,0.0389GtC(Zhang&Xu,2003)。、、、、。、,(UNFCCC,1997)。、::0.8~2.4tChm2/,:0.7~7.5tChm2,:3.2~10tChm2/(Brownetal.,1996)。,,2008~20121,0.667GtC;2050,199090.4%(Zhang&Xu,2003)。2.3CO2。,,。IPCC,1850~1998,136±55GtC,87%,13%,270±30GtC(Ciaisetal.,2000)。208090,1.7±0.8GtC/1.6±0.8GtC/,31%25%(Ciaisetal.,2000)。,1993~20031.1±0.3GtC/,71%,20%,4.4%(Achard,etal.,2004)。(SOC)。(2004),81:,SOC35%14%,SOC。,CO2。2070,,,。,20。25,2(1977~1981)3(1984~1988),3.34×106hm2,34(1989~1993)2.21×106hm2,451.96×106hm2,56(1999~2003)3.70×106hm2。,。,1980~20000.83GtC,4.7%。0.45GtC,0.38GtC(Zhang&Xu,2003)。。Houghton(1996),20800.6GtC/。,(FAO,2001)。,,。、、(、)。CO2,。,,CO2,,。,,。,;,;,,。2.4、()、()。、、、,,。,,。,,,。,、,1m30.8tCO2。,150tCO2,,10tCO2[94];,10tCO2(Anon,2004)。,。,,CO2,CO2,,。,1GtB/(16EJ/),2020~2030,1.1~2.3GtB/(17~34EJ/)(Nabuurs,2007)。33.1《》、《》,《》,。,。,,。3.2,、、、“”、、、、,、、。,。,,,、、。3.3,,。,,。、、,、、82··200911、,,。,,。,,。、,。、。3.4,。。,,,。,,,。,。,、。,,。,。,,,,。3.5,。,。、,、、、“”。3.6,,、、。,,;、,。,。、、,。,..,2008,28(2):534~543,,..,2005,25(2):216~223,,.20.,2006.28(5):686~693..,2000,24(5):513~517,,..,2006,26(12):4257~4266,,..,2005.24(5):653~663,,.1961-2003.,2007,3(2):100~105,,..,2008.19(9):1877~1883,MelilloJM,KicklighterDWetal.CO2.,2001,25(2):175~189,,..,2002,9(1):217~226..,2007,,.1981-2000.:D,2006,36(12):1~9,,.50.,2002,17(1):78~86,,,,..,2007,43(10):71~76,,.().,2003,12(3):165~170,,..,2004,15(4):593~599,,.40.,27(9):1461~1468,..,2008,28(12):6292~6304,..,2004,18(2):40~43,.CDM.,2007,,.。。:,2005,,..,2009(1):50~55,,..,2008,28(1):92~101,RonaldPN,..,2002,57(1):28~37,..,2001(3):38~41,,..,2003,22(3):29~32,,.40.,2002,7(20):1582~1587,..,2000,19(5):62~66,,..,2004,19(4):642~649,,.:、.,2007,43(11):138~145()83:
本文标题:气候变化对中国林业的影响与应对策略
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