（新课标）2020高考英语二轮总复习 第三讲 阅读理解 3.2 细节理解（二）综合类细节课件

第三讲阅读理解第二节细节理解(二)综合类细节母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee­spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment­friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.答案：B30．细节理解题。因为题干问的是“研究者对于智能键盘有什么预期”，由文章最后一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来，尽快实现智能键盘的面市。注意：题干中的expect与答案选项中的hope呼应，原文答案句中的market与答案选项中的consumer呼应。[语篇解读]本文是说明文。在数据和身份信息盗窃越来越常见的背景下，指纹扫描技术仍然很昂贵。文章介绍了一项新科技：智能键盘对大数据时代个人隐私的保护，而且也不贵。体现了人与社会中，以青少年的眼光来关注科技创新。[长难句分析]Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.(第二段第二句)句意：这款智能键盘可精确测量使用者的打字节奏和手指施加在每个键上的压力。[分析]本句是一个复合句。and连接两个并列的宾语成分，名词thecadence后面是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，名词thepressure后的定语从句省略了引导词that/which，因其充当apply的宾语，故可省略。【方法点津】快速准确找细节做细节理解题时，大多数考生易出现的问题是：1．准确率高，但阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧；2．阅读速度快但准确率低。要想快速准确解答此类试题，考生不必通篇细看，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，或略读，或跳读，快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，比较对照，确定答案。通常，细节理解题的正确选项有以下特征：(1)用同义词或近义词替换原文中的关键词。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork。(2)词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词转换一下词性，如把important改成ofimportance；改变原文中句子的语态，主要是主动语态与被动语态的转换。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，然后设置为答案。(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。当然，考生也可以用排除法解答细节理解题，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项都排除。做综合类细节题时，有时考生无法从某一段或者从某一个细节得出答案而是需要读几段甚至通读全文才能获得答案。考生需要分析文章中的几个细节才能找到问题的答案。有的时候选项中的正确答案是原文中某个细节句的不同说法。选项中的干扰项会出现在不同的段落中，而且是提取某句话中部分信息从而迷惑考生。如30题的C项在最后一段的倒数第二句确实有提到，但是文章并没有指明这是研究者的预期目标。AHilversumisamedium­sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtintheGooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenofAmsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurroundingforests.Theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversumisallabouttextile(纺织)andmediaindustries,andmodernarchitecture.Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedrichtradersfromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuiltthemselveslargevillas(别墅)inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythewealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades.Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestedllenFabriek(NSF)establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum.Mostradiostationssettledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.HilversumbecamethemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisionstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown.Intheearly1900s,modernarchitectsW．M.DudokandJ.DuikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces(杰作)aresomanythatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokaloneshapedmost20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsstillbearhisuniquecharacteristics.Hismasterpiece,HilversumTownHallwasbuiltin1928—1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof“blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingtheW．M.DudokArchitecturalRouteinHilversum.1．HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat________.A．ithasalargepopulationB．itiscutofffrombigcitiesC．ithasmanybeautifulgardensD．itisinahillyareawithsandysoil[语篇解读]本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰城市希尔维苏姆这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。1．D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.”可知，希尔维苏姆的不同之处在于它位于山区，而且是沙土。故选D项。2．WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?A．BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdam.B．Helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop.C．Constructinglargevillas