英语词汇学习策略

英语词汇学习策略一、英语词汇学习1、英语词汇学习的要求级别相对年级知识目标描述二级小学毕业词汇1.学习有关本级话题范围的600-700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语；2.了解单词是由字母构成的。五级初中毕业词汇1.了解英语单词包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式；2.理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；3.运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；4.学会使用1500-1600个的单词和200-300个习惯用语或固定搭配。八级高中毕业词汇1.运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；2.运用词汇描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；3.学会使用3000个单词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配。2、为什么要学习词汇？其实，每个英语学习者都有不同的学习目的，同一个学习者在不同的学习阶段也有不同的学习目标。词汇学习也是这样。学习词汇时，每个学习者都应该问自己一个问题：在目前阶段我为什么要学习英语词汇？对这个问题的回答会直接影响学习者对词汇的选择和词汇学习策略的运用。3、应该学习哪些词汇？一般的学习者和初学英语的学习者，中学生应该将精力和时间投入到那些频率更高的词汇的学习上。那么什么是使用频率高的词？什么是使用频率低的词呢？总的来说，我们可以把英语词汇分为两类：1）积极词汇：activevocabulary又泽：主动性词汇“Wordswhichstudentswillneedtounderstandandalsousethemselves.Wecallthisactivevocabulary.Inteachingactivevocabulary,itisusuallyworthspendingtimegivingexamplesandaskingquestions,sothatstudentscanreallyseehowthewordisused.”AdrianDoff2）消极词汇：(passivevocabulary)又泽：应接性词汇“Wordswhichwewantstudentstounderstand(e.g.whenreadingatext),butwhichtheywillnotneedtousethemselves.Wecallthispassivevocabulary.Tosavetime,itisoftenbesttopresentitquitequickly,withasimpleexample.Ifitappearsaspartofatextordialogue,wecanoftenleavestudentstoguessthewordfromthecontext.”AdrianDoffInBritain,theweatherisveryvaried;peopleneverknowwhatitwillbelikethenextday.Thesummeriswarmerthanthewinter,buteveninsummertheaveragetemperatureisonly16゜.Sometimesthesunshines,butatothertimestheskyiscoveredincloud,anditoftenrains.Inwinteritissometimesverycold,especiallyinthenorthofthecountry.Thetemperaturemayfallbelow0゜,andthenthereisoftensnowandice.Thebestseasonoftheyearisprobablylatespring.AtthistimeofyeartheWeatherisoften.sunnyandquitewarm;thecountrysidelooksverygreen,andtherearewildflowerseverywhere.Whichareactivevocabularyorwhicharethepassivevocabulary？weathervariedaveragetemperaturecloudsnowiceseasonspringsunnycountrysideActivePassiveActiveweathercloudspringsunny(snow?)(ice?)Passivevariedtemperatureaverageseasoncountryside(snow?)4、词汇应该学习到什么程度？对于英语学习者来说，确定目标词汇的范围之后，还应该考虑词汇应该掌握到什么程度。过去的英语教学大纲把词汇分为“掌握“和“理解”两类。所以，中学英语教材中经常在单词表上标注出“四会”、“三会”、“两会”等标准来决定词汇学习和掌握的程度。其实，这种标准只有一定的合理性，并不完全合理。教育部于2001年指定的《全日制义务教育、普通高级中学英语课程标准》（实验稿已经不再使用“掌握“和“理解”这样的术语来规定词汇学习的程度了。这种鼓励脱离语境地记单词的结果是：学习者只能记忆单词的一两种意思，忽视了该单词的其他意思，而且还不知道如何在不同的语境中灵活地使用这些单词。例1：A:Canwehaveameetingsometimenextweek?B:Well,letmecheckmydiary.例2：Heisafive-foot-tallman.Thebuildingis40feethigh.二、英语词汇学习策略1、利用语境我们认为教师仅仅提倡还是不够的，教师需要引导、培养、训练学生具有从上下文中猜测单词词义的能力。关于从上下文猜测词义我们建议有以下几种做法：1）根据同义关系猜测词义例如：(1)Inordertodiscoverwhohadanaturalabilitytolearnlanguages,thestudentsweregiventeststodeterminetheirlanguageaptitude.(2)Thejobapplicantsatinthepersonnelofficeandfilledoutavita.Whenshefinishedtheresume,shegaveittothesecretary.(3)Tomansweredquickly.Butafterhethoughtaboutthemattermorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.2)根据反义关系猜测词义例如：(1)Shehasaloveofrotework,butnofondnessforcreativejobs.Rotemeans______.a.creativeb.mechanicalc.fondness(2)Itisbettertobereflectiveaboutproblemsthantobethoughtless.Reflectivemeans_______.a.thoughtfulb.uncaringc.problem(3)Today’steenagersseemtobemoreliberalintheirideasthantheirconservativegrandparents.Conservativemeans________.a.free-thinkingb.traditionalc.old3)根据整个句子的意思猜测词义例如：(1)Shelovesmusic:shecanplaytheguitar,thepianoandthecello.(2)Hewalkedintothesitting-roomandsatdownonthesettee.(3)Look!There’sabigflyonthewindow.4)根据段落或篇章的上下文来猜测词义在理解段落或篇章的大环境时，根据文章中的各种关系，读者可能会发现猜测词义的另一些线索，从而推断出生词的大意。Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadifferenceithasmadetoourlives?Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesusfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.Alsowecanseescenesinthestreet,bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation(加冕典礼)in1953andtheOpeningofParliament.Perhapsthesufferersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everygesturewillbeseenbymillionsofpeople.Politiciansnotonlyhavetospeakwell,theynowhavetohavewhatiscalleda“zippersonality”.PerhapswecansympathizewhenMembersofParliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezipped.Zipmeansa.cinema.b.photography.c.television.d.telephone.5)利用构词线索猜测词义（1）根据前缀来猜测和推测词义：例如：Readthefollowingsentences，andguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedwords.1.Aneducationenrichesthemind.2.Hedidnotwritehiscompositionwellandtheteachertoldhimtorewriteit.3.MrSmithunlockedthesafeandtookoutfivethousanddollars.4.Hehadbeenoverworkingandfellsickatlast.5.Wedisapproveofmiddle-schoolstudentssmokingcigarettes.6.Atmidnight,severalhoursaftertheshiphadlefttheport,sheranintobadweather.7.Thecountryisunderdevelopedandthelivingstandardofthepeopleisratherlow.8.Itisimpolitetoturnyourbackonsomeonewhoisspeakingtoyou.9.Thoseoldpeopleareveryactiveinanti-pollutionactivities.10.Don’tlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintobelievinghim.（2）根据后缀来猜测和推测词义后缀主要分为四大类：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀。例如：Readthefollowingsentences,andguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedwords.1.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.2.Travelbroadensthemind.3.Myworkisstillintheexperimentalstage.4.Hedidtoolittlepreparationforhisexamination.5.Thelineofwaitingpeopleseem