会计论文附录

附录1FairValueMeasurementsInFebruary2006theInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)andtheUSFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)publishedaMemorandumofUnderstandingreaffirmingtheircommitmenttotheconvergenceofUSgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAP)andInternationalFinancialReportingStandards(IFRSs)andtotheirsharedobjectiveofdevelopinghighquality,commonaccountingstandardsforuseintheworld’scapitalmarkets.TheconvergenceworkprogrammesetoutintheMemorandumreflectsthestandard-settingcontextofthe‘roadmap’developedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninconsultationwiththeIASB,FASBandEuropeanCommissionfortheremovalofthereconciliationrequirementfornon-UScompaniesthatuseIFRSsandareregisteredintheUS.Theworkprogrameincludesaprojectonmeasuringfairvalue.TheFASBhasrecentlyissuedStatementofFinancialAccountingStandardsNo.157FairValueMeasurements(SFAS157),onwhichworkwaswelladvancedbeforetheMemorandumofUnderstandingwaspublished.SFAS157establishesasingledefinitionoffairvaluetogetherwithaframeworkformeasuringfairvalueforUSGAAP.TheIASBrecognisedtheneedforguidanceonmeasuringfairvalueinIFRSsandforincreasedconvergencewithUSGAAP.Consequently,theIASBdecidedtousetheFASB’sstandardasthestartingpointforitsdeliberations.Asthefirststageofitsproject,theIASBispublishinginthisdiscussionpaperitspreliminaryviewsontheprincipalissuescontainedinSFAS157.TheIASBplanstoholdround-tablemeetingsonthisdiscussionpaperinconjunctionwiththedevelopmentofanexposuredraft.PleaseindicateinyourresponsetothisInvitationtoCommentifyouareinterestedintakingpartinaround-tablemeeting.Pleasenotethat,becauseoftimingandspaceconstraints,notallofthoseindicatinganinterestmaybeabletotakepart.TheIASBwillconsiderresponsestothisInvitationtoCommentandtherelatedround-tablediscussionsindevelopinganexposuredraftofanIFRSonfairvaluemeasurement.TheexposuredraftwillbepreparedspecificallyforapplicationtoIFRSs.AlthoughprovisionsofSFAS157maybeusedinthepreparationofanexposuredraft,theymayberewordedoralteredtobeconsistentwithotherIFRSsandtoreflectthedecisionsoftheIASB.TheIASBplanstopublishanexposuredraftbyearly2008.InNovember2005theIASBpublishedforcommentadiscussionpaper,MeasurementBasesforFinancialAccounting–MeasurementonInitialRecognition,writtenbythestaffoftheCanadianAccountingStandardsBoard.Althoughthatpapercontainedadiscussionoffairvalue,itsprimarypurposewastodiscusswhichmeasurementattributeswereappropriateforinitialrecognition.ThatpaperispartoftheongoingConceptualFrameworkprojectthatseekstoestablish,amongotherthings,aframeworkformeasurementinfinancialreporting.Becauseofthedifferentscopeandintentofthatpaper,itisnotdiscussedinthisdiscussionpaper.However,commentsonthatdiscussionpaperrelatingtothemeasurementoffairvaluewillbeconsideredinthedevelopmentoftheexposuredraftofanIFRSonfairvaluemeasurementaswellasintheConceptualFrameworkproject.Issue1.SFAS157andfairvaluemeasurementguidanceincurrentIFRSsIFRSsrequiresomeassets,liabilitiesandequityinstrumentstobemeasuredatfairvalueinsomecircumstances.However,guidanceonmeasuringfairvalueisdispersedthroughoutIFRSsandisnotalwaysconsistent.TheIASBbelievesthatestablishingasinglesourceofguidanceforallfairvaluemeasurementsrequiredbyIFRSswillbothsimplifyIFRSsandimprovethequalityoffairvalueinformationincludedinfinancialreports.AconcisedefinitionoffairvaluecombinedwithconsistentguidancethatappliestoallfairvaluemeasurementswouldmoreclearlycommunicatetheobjectiveoffairvaluemeasurementandeliminatetheneedforconstituentstoconsiderguidancedispersedthroughoutIFRSs.TheIASBemphasisesthattheFairValueMeasurementsprojectisnotameansofexpandingtheuseoffairvalueinfinancialreporting.Rather,theobjectiveoftheprojectistocodify,clarifyandsimplifyexistingguidancethatisdispersedwidelyinIFRSs.However,inordertoestablishasinglestandardthatprovidesuniformguidanceforallfairvaluemeasurementsrequiredbyIFRSs,amendmentswillneedtobemadetotheexistingguidance.AsdiscussedfurtherinIssue2,theamendmentsmightchangehowfairvalueismeasuredinsomestandardsandhowtherequirementsareinterpretedandapplied.InsomeIFRSstheIASB(oritspredecessorbody)consciouslyincludedmeasurementguidancethatresultsinameasurementthatistreatedasifitwerefairvalueeventhoughtheguidanceisnotconsistentwiththefairvaluemeasurementobjective.Forexample,paragraphB16ofIFRS3BusinessCombinationsprovidesguidancethatisinconsistentwiththefairvaluemeasurementobjectiveforitemsacquiredinabusinesscombinationsuchastaxassets,taxliabilitiesandnetemployeebenefitassetsorliabilitiesfordefinedbenefitplans.Furthermore,someIFRSscontainmeasurementreliabilitycriteria.Forexample,IAS16Property,PlantandEquipmentpermitstherevaluationmodeltobeusedonlyiffairvaluecanbemeasuredreliablyThisprojectwillnotchangeanyofthatguidance.Rather,thatguidancewillbeconsideredprojectbyproject.However,theIASBplanstousetheFairValueMeasurementsprojecttoestablishguidancewheretherecurrentlyisnone,suchasinIAS17Leases,aswellastoeliminateinconsistentguidancethatdoesnotclearlyarticulateasinglemeasurementobjective.BecauseSFAS157establishesasinglesourceofguidanceandasingleobjectivethatcanbeappl