高中学生解决计算类化学问题的表征及其与策略关系的研究

:1001-4918(2001)-03-0033-39:G447:AX(210097):,,15:(),:;;1HerbertA1Simon,,,[1],,,,,,,,,,,,,[2-6],2070,Ashmore,[7],Frazer(1982)Gobel(1983)Yarroch(1985)Nurren2bern(1987)Nakhleh(1993),[8-9],Greenbowe(1983)Herron(1983)Herron,,;CraigW1Bowen,3320013X:,(1950-),,,,,Bowen,:[10][11],,Bowen,()[3],,,,:,,,1(),,,,,,,(),():(1),,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,,,(3),,,4320013,,[12],,:,,;,,,();,,,,,,;,,,2211(),401(274,127),,()3(9);SPSS810(3,[12]);15(11,4)21221211()(1996),,153,100;4,20120,110,,,,,90%[12]()(018),01763212122,,,:1112g418g,,5molL-1100mL,?21321311,(Delphi)53:SPSS810(SPSSInc11997)10010,1615,6011,27918;,()[12]21312,,,TPVS520Al2wa,,,,,,,,;,,,,,3311,(),,(),,(2)2491531102971032010102101415457105111546101681517510199102116337156817913381330135417751019410:(),,?(G7E53),,[12],(3)G7E53[12],E53,G73,G7E53,,(),3G7E53(:)UXG7486085E53108195202:U,X6320013012mol,,G7,(Fe+S=FeSFeS+2HCl=FeCl2+H2SFe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2),()G7,E53,G7E53,(),,,()G7()(),E53,,E53,,,,:(),,,,(),312,,,,,(4)4510010415210115815010110210210110610010010010010016016:?G7()J40()G7:::,11,11,012mol,012mol,2214,(?):,73:!J40()::,,,:Fe+S=FeS,2Fe+3S=Fe2S3,FeSFe2S3FeS,Fe2S3:S+2HCl=H2S+Cl2(:)G7,,,,,,,,J40,,,,,,,4,(),();,,();,,,:[1],.,1993,(7):1416.[2],.,1999,(6):1924.[3],.,1999,(4):3134.[4],.,1997,20(6):494498.[5],.,1996,(1):2932.[6],..,1995.[7]Ashmore,A1D1,Frazer,M1J1&Casey,R1J1Prob2lemSolvingandProblemSolvingNetworksinChemistry1JournalofChemicalEducation,1979,56(6):377379.[8]SusanC1Nurrenbern&MilesPickering1ConceptLearn2ingversusProblemSolving:IsThereaDifference?1JournalofChemicalEducation,1987,64(6):508510.[9]MaryB1Nakhleh1AreOurStudentsConceptualThinkersorAlgorithmicProblemSolving?IdentifyingConceptualStudentsinGeneralChemistry1JournalofChemicalEducation,1993,70(1):5255.[10]CraigW1Bowen1RepresentationalSystemsUsedbyGraduateStudentswhileProblemSolvinginOrganicSynthesis1JournalofResearchinScienceTeaching,1990,27(4):351370.[11],.,1994,17(4):217222.[12],..,2000,6.8320013:()12223G71615/2713511512984E5317/2413011512571J401715/2712812613162:1()23StudyofRepresentationforStoichiometricChemicalProblem-SolvingandItsRelationtoStrategyamongSeniorhighschoolStudentsAbstract:Thefiverepresentationhierarchiesandfourkindsofstrategyarepresentedforstoichiometricchemicalproblemsolvingonthebasisofothersrelativeresearchesonthisdomaininseveraldecades,andatthesametime15typicalstudentsarestudiedascasesindetailwithThink-Aloudmethod1Theresultssuggestthatthestrategychosendependsonthedegreeofrepresentation(includingrepresentationtimeandaccuraterepresentationrate)andstudentswithdeeprepresentationareinclinedtochoosesuperi2orstrategieswhenstudentsaresolvingstoichiometricchemicalproblems1Keywords:stoichiometricchemicalproblem;representation;strategy(32)[13]Hsu1F1L1K1Ahypothesisonkinshipandculture1InF1L1K1Hsu(Ed1),KinshipandCulture,Chicago:Aldine,19711AdolescentsSenseofFamilyObligationinUrbanandRuralAreasAbstract:QuestionnairesofFamilyObligationwereemployedinasampleof711adolescentsofgrade1and3ofhighschoolsinbothurbanandruralareasofShandongProvinceofChina,inanefforttoexplorethecharacteristicsofadolescentsfamilyobligation1Theresultsindicated:(1)Ingeneral,adolescentspossessedrelativelystrongvaluesoffamilyobligation1(2)Ruraladolescentspossessedhigherexpecta2tionsforfuturesupporttotheirfamiliesthanurbanadolescents1Femaleadolescentspossessedhigherex2pectationsforbothcurrentandfutureassistancetotheirfamiliesandplacedmoreimportanceuponfamilialrespectthanmaleadolescents1Adolescentsasonlychildrenhadsimilarexpectationsforassistingandre2spectingtheirfamilieswiththeirpeerswithsiblings1(3)Adolescentspossessedgreaterexpectationsforbothcurrentandfutureassistancetotheirfamiliesthandidtheirparents1Keywords:senseoffamilyobligation;currentassistance;respectforfamily;futuresupport93: