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英语句子成分口诀第一部分:英语句子成分解释英语句子成分讲解一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.三、宾语:1)动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)五、主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。WeiTingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)七、状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.记忆口诀:一感二听三使四看一感:feel二听:hear,listen三使:make,let,have四看:lookat,see,watch,感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪,主动句中它走开,被动句中它回来,动词let要除外,to词可来可不来。英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如:1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3)Springiscoming.4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.二、句型2:Subject(主语)+Link.V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如:1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go等。如:1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:1)Hetookhisbagandleft.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirectobject(间接宾语)+Directobject(直接宾语)这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如:1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2)TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为:1)Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2)TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:1)Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4)Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。●注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。篇二:句子成分口诀句子成分口诀:主谓宾定状补,句子成分要清楚。句子主干主谓宾,枝叶部分定状补。定语用在主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。还有助词的地得,帮助区分定状补。篇三:汉语句子成分划分口诀句子成分划分口诀划分句子的口诀:(1)句子成分要划对,(2)纵观全局找主谓。(3)主前定状谓后补,(4)谓前只有状地位。(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,(6)宾语只受谓支配。三、句子语病修改歌诀检查语病要细心,先看主干主谓宾,残缺搭配是病因;再看枝叶定状补,能否搭配语中心。下面语病常常见,熟悉现象心有底。是否恰当用词语,语序是否属合理,前后有矛盾,更有不统一,替概念,有歧义,句式杂糅使人迷,结构又胶节,语言重复又多余,多层否定成后语。修改语病法牢记,添、删、调、换百病医。句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。第一部分一、主语、谓语1、主语多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。例如:(1)今天晚上‖特别冷。主语(偏正短语
本文标题:英语句子成分口诀
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