2020年春牛津译林版英语八年级下册—-Unit1知识点梳理

Unit1Pastandpresent1.1Comicstrip&Welcometotheunit1：pastandpresent（1）pastn.过去，以前；inthepast在过去adj.过去的，以前的；inthepastfewyears在过去的几年里prep.经过walkpastthepostoffice走过邮局Inthepast,therewasnoundergroundinNanjing.Let’snotmakethepastmistakes.WhenIwalkpastthepostoffice,Iseeabirdflyingoverthetree.（2）presentadj.现在的;目前的;出席的n.现在;礼物;atpresent现在；apresentforyou=agiftforyou给你的礼物vt.介绍;出现;提出;赠送;Everyonecanbepresentedapresentatpresent.2：You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme.你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1）change:vt./vi.改变，变更;changeinto变成n.变化，改变;change(s)to...的变化GreatchangestoNanjinghavetakenplace.（2）usen.用途;使用能力;运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用;行使，①usedto(dosth.)“过去常常(做某事)”批注：否定形式：didn’tuseto/usedn’tto②get/beusedto(doingsth.)“习惯于(做某事)HeusedtogofishingeverySaturday.Butsincehechangedhisjob,he’sbarely(几乎不)hadachance.Hethinkshe’llneverbeusedtothisbusylifestyle.usefuladj.有用的；uselessadj.无用的3：Ifirstlivedinthenorthernpartofthetownwithmyparents.BeijingisinthenorthernpartofChina.批注：注意inthenorth与inthenorthernpartof的同义句转换。例如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.=BeijingisinthenorthernpartofChina.4：WhenIgotmarriedin1965,mywifeandImovedtwoblocksawayandwe’velivedinthisareasincethen.当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry:vt.&vi.（使）结婚;娶;嫁;结合;marrysb与某人结婚marryAtoB把A嫁给Badj.married已婚的;短语：AandBgetmarried/Aget(s)marriedtoBnmarriage婚姻Someyoungcouplesgotmarriedonthatday.（2）move:vt.&vi.移动，搬动;使感动moveaway搬走moveinto搬进moveoutof搬出...Everyyearmillionsofpeoplemovedintothecitywhilemillionsofpeoplemovedaway.5：Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.turninto进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入turn...into把...变成Isawhimturnintothelibrary.Howcanyouturnabottleofwaterintoabottleoforangejuice?turnon开turnoff关turnup调高；开大(音量、煤气等)turndown调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)turnover把……翻过来turnback往回走turnleft向左转turnright向右转6：TherewasonceasteelfactoryneartheSunshineRiver.阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn.northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwestonce:adv.曾经=usedtoTherewasonceashoppingcentrehere.=Thereusedtobeashoppingcentrehere.n.一次，一回;=onetimeIamusedtodoingexerciseonceaweek.7：Theyoftenputthewasteintotheriver.他们经常把垃圾放到河里。putsthinto把……放进，使进入Pleaseputthefoodintothefridge.putaway拿走，储存…备用putback放回；向后移putdown写下；记下puton穿上putoff延期；推迟putout熄灭；关熄；扑灭putup举起；抬起；张贴8：Laterthegovernmentrealizedtheproblemandtookactiontoimprovethesituation.后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realizev.意识到；实现=cometrueMydreamcomestrue.=Irealizemydream.（2）improvev提高；改善；改进n.improvement提高，改进；improvelivingstandard提高生活水平;iproveyourEnglish;改善你的英语；Doyouknowhowtoimproveyourmemory?9:Nowtheriverismuchcleaner.现在河流干净了很多。此处的much用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much;still;even;far;alittle;abit;alot;--Howdoyoufeeltoday?--Evenworse.10:Well,insomewaysitis.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语insomeways在某些方面，在某种程度上Insomeways,Idoagreewithyou.1.inmanyways在许多方面；用许多方法；inthisway用这种方法；2.onone’swayto表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3.bytheway表示“顺便说/问一句”；4.alltheway表示“全程；一直”；5.inaway在某一点上,在某种程度上6.intheway挡道inthewayofsb挡在某人路上11:Ithasbecomeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式toseeeachother.常用句型：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的。Itisdangerousforustogooutaloneatnight.（2）asoftenasbefore像以前一样的经常as...as像一样。12:NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely:adj.孤独的，孤单的;寂寞的;荒凉的feellonelyaloneadv.单独,独自=byoneself=onone’sown1.Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskalone.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskbyourselves.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskonourown.2.Mygrandmalivesalone,soshefeelslonelysometimes.（2）time:n时间;次数;时代(常用复数)atthesametime同时intime及时；适时ontime按时，准时；按时allthetime始终，一直atatime一次；每次；在某时fromtimetotime不时，有时forthefirsttime首次；第一次1.2Reading1.I'vejusteatenit.justadv.意为“刚才”常与完成时连用。justnow意为“刚才”，相当于“amomentago”通常与一般过去时连用。Iwenttothelibraryjustnow.我刚才去了图书馆。2.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!usedtodosth.意为“过去经常做某事，以前常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。它的否定形式有两种：didn’tuseto/usednottoHisparentsusedtoliveinthecountryside.他的父母过去住在乡下。beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事3.taketurnstotalkaboutit.turn用作名词时,意为“轮流”“依次轮流的顺序”。“It'sone’sturntodosth”“轮到某人做某事了”taketurnstodosth.“轮流做某事”。Youmuststandinlineandwaitforyourturn.你必须排队等候。takeone'sturntodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosth.byturnsturn用作系动词时,意为“变得”。Inspringthetreesturngreenandtheflowersstarttocomeout.春天,树变绿了,花儿开了?turn用作不及物动词时,意为“转向”“翻转”.turnright/left=turntotheright/leftturnon打开turnoff关闭turndown将（音量）调高turnup将（音量）调低turninto变成turnover使翻转4.WhenIgotmarriedin1965,mywifeandImovedtwoblocksaway…．getmarried结婚be/getmarriedwith/tosb.和某人结婚marrysb.和某人结婚5.NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.alone单独,一个人(用作状语)，强调客观上的lonely孤独地,寂寞地(作表语或定语)；（强调主观上的）偏僻的，荒凉的abit/abitof/alittle基本含义用法辨析abit稍微，有点修饰形容词、副词、比较级，修饰名词时后加of，即abitof..notabit=notatall,意为“一点也不”alittle稍微，有点修饰形容词、副词、比较级作形容词,后直接接不可数名词notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”fromtimetotime关于time的词组fromtimetotime时不时地；偶尔（补充）ontime准时intime及时sometime某个时候6.Waspollutionaproblemthen?pollutionn.污染（不可数名词）pollutevt.&vi.污染pollutedadj.受污染的7.Well,insomewaysitis．insomeways“从某种意义/程度上说”。Insomeways,theMid-autumnFestivalisatraditionalholiday.从某种意义上说，中秋节是个传统的节日。与way有