confucianism儒家学说

241ChineseCultureChinesePhilosophyandReligion242Translation儒家，道家，佛家（教）百家争鸣，焚书坑儒，罢黜百家，独尊儒术翻译：儒家学说为春秋时期孔丘所创，倡导血亲人伦、现世事功、修身存养、道德理性，其中心思想是孝、悌、忠、信、礼、义、廉、耻，其核心是“仁”。儒家学说经历代统治者的推崇，以及孔子后学的发展和传承，使其对中国文化的发展起了决定性的作用，在中国文化的深层观念中，无不打着儒家思想的烙印。243Hundredschoolsofthoughtcontend.ReveretheConfucianismandrejectallotherschoolsofthought.burnbooksandburyConfucianscholarsalive.244TheLeadingFiguresConfuciusLaoZiShakyamuniConfucianismTaoismBuddhism2451.WhowasConfucius?2.WhatisConfucianism?3.themainprinciplesofConfucianism.topten.ppt2461.Thinker2.Educator3.Statesman4.Philosopher5.FounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism6.SymboloftraditionalChineseculture247ConfuciusFullname:Confucius;KongQiuBorn:9.28.551BCQufu,LuDied:479BC(aged71or72)Qufu,Lu248ConfuciusConfuciuswasborninapoorfamily.Hisfather,commanderofadistrictinLu,diedthreeyearsafterConfuciuswasborn.孔子的故事__第2集249WhatisConfucianism?Confucianism:aschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius.2410ConfuciusGoldenRuleis:Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdountoothers.2411TheorderofdevelopmentwhichConfuciussetforthisasfollows:Self-development,Family-discipline,Localself-government,andUniversalself-government.修身齐家治国平天下2412ThethreeaspectsofConfucianismThreeCardinalGuidesFiveRelationshipsFiveVirtuesorfiveethics三纲、五伦、五常2413ThreeCardinalGuides三纲rulerguidessubject君为臣纲fatherguidesson父为子纲husbandguideswife夫为妻纲2414FiveRelationships五伦Ruler-minister:benevolence-loyalty忠Father-son:kindness-filialpiety孝Husband-wife:righteousness-obedience忍Elder-youngerbrother:gentility-humility悌(敬爱兄长)Friend-friend:consideration-deference善2415ThebasicConfuciandoctrines:FiveVirtuesorfiveethics(五常或五德)：仁：义：礼：智：信：Benevolence,tobehumanity,mercyandkindness;Justness,toberighteousness;Rituals,customandlaw,tobepolite;Wisdom,tobeknowledgeableandwelleducated;Trust,tobesincereandcredible.2416Renaffectionandlove1.ThecentraldoctrineofConfucianism.2.Themostimportantmoralqualityonecanpossess.2417ThemeaningofRenRenmeanstoloveothers.仁者爱人Tocompletelyovercomeselfishnessandkeeptoli(propriety)isren.克己复礼为仁2418Li(礼)Lihastwomeanings:1.Propriety(互惠):asetofmannersorknowledgeofhowtobehaveinagivensituation.2.Ritual:whenlifeisdetailedtoConfuciuslengthsitbecomescompletelyordered.2419ThethreeaspectsofConfucianism1.Oneducationandlearning2.Onpolitics3.Onlife(philosophicalandreligiousideas)2420ThethreeaspectsofConfucianism1.Oneducationandlearning2421Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)有教无类HisPhilosophyofEducation2422HisPhilosophyofEducationLearningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.学而不厌，诲人不倦。Whenthreemenarewalkingtogether,thereisonewhocanbemyteacher.三人行,必有我师焉。2423HisPhilosophyofEducationReviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.温故而知新,可以为师矣Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆2424HisPhilosophyofEducationHewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.敏而好学，不耻下问Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也2425HisPhilosophyofEducationWorkhardwhenyouareyoungorregretitwhenyouareold.活到老学到老2426Confucianscholars:fromConfuciustimetilltodayConfuciusandhisdisciples.2427Confuciusisregardedas:“theGreatandReveredTeacher”;至圣先师“ateacherofallgenerations”万世师表2428Confuciantemple探索发现【跨越时空的文明】19古代建筑.flv2429ThethreeaspectsofConfucianism2.Onpolitics(politicalpointsofview)2430Howtohaveagoodgovernmentandharmonioushumanrelations?1.acommunitythatworksbyvirtueandmoralexamplesratherthanpunishmentandrules.3.Agoodgovernmentwasgoodofficials.A“goodofficial”hadtomastertheFiveVirtues.4.Hecallsforthewisesagetobearuler.2431ThethreeaspectsofConfucianism3.Onlife(philosophicalandreligiousideas)2432HisPhilosophyofLife1.Afirmbelieverin“theordinanceofHeaven”.theHeavenlyWay2.Deathandlifehavetheirdeterminedappointment;richesandhonorsdependuponheaven.3.Heavenisirresistable---HeavenlyFate.2433HisPhilosophyofLifeWhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.己所不欲，勿施于人Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.言必信，行必果Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Themostvaluableuseoftheritesistoachieveharmony.礼之用，和为贵AllMenAreBrothers.四海之内皆兄弟2434HisPhilosophyofLifeASonshouldnotstrayfarfromhisparentswhiletheyarealive.父母在不远游2435HisPhilosophyofLifeIfamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.人无远虑，必有近忧Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother.道不同，不相为谋2436Translation儒家学说为春秋时期孔丘所创，倡导血亲人伦、现世事功、修身存养、道德理性，其中心思想是孝、悌、忠、信、礼、义、廉、耻，其核心是“仁”。儒家学说经历代统治者的推崇，以及孔子后学的发展和传承，使其对中国文化的发展起了决定性的作用，在中国文化的深层观念中，无不打着儒家思想的烙印。2437孟子Mencius(circa371-c.288BC),OnecannotdiscussConfucianismwithoutatleastmentioningthemantheChinesecallTheSecondSage.2438Mencius探索发现跨越时空的文明04高清.kux2439StoryofMencius孟母三易其居教子孟母断布教子五子说28.flv24402441孟子周游列国2442孟子晚年著书立说：孟子2443四书南宋时朱熹将《孟子》与《论语》、《大学》、《中庸》合在一起称“四书”。《孟子》是四书中篇幅最大的部头最重的一本，有三万五千多字，从此直到清末，“四书”一直是科举必考内容。24441.Politics2.EthicsMencius’thought24451.PoliticsMencius’thought2446a）Apeople-orientedth