甘肃省兰州市第一中学2018-2019学年高一英语5月月考试题（含解析）

1兰州一中2018-2019-2学期高一年级5月月考英语试题第I卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AMotherTeresa(August26,1910-September5,1997)wasagreatwoman,whodidalottoimprovethesocialconditionofmankind.Duetohercontributioninservingthesociety,shewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeaged69.ShewasbroughtupinaCatholicfamily.Whenshewasonlyseven,shelostherfather.Evenasayoungchild,shewasinterestedinthelifeofmissionaries(传教士).Attheageof18,shedecidedthatshewouldbecomeanun.SheleftherhomeandwenttojointheSistersofLoreto.Itwasthefirststepthatshemadetowardsprovidingservicesformankind.Onthe7thofOctoberintheyear1950,MotherTeresareceivedVaticanpermissiontostarttheMissionariesofCharityinCalcutta,themissionofwhichwouldbetotakecareoftheneedy,thehomeless,andpeoplewhowereshunnedbythesociety.Thenithadanumberofbranchesalloverthecountry.ThejourneyofMotherTeresa’sMissionariesofCharitystartedwiththesettingupofhomesfortheDying.Intheyear1983,MotherTeresasufferedfromaseriousheartattack,whileshewasinRome.However,sherecovered.But,laterin1989,sheagaingotanattack.Herhealthwentworseandintheyear1991,shesufferedfrompneumonia.Takingherhealthproblemsintoconsideration,MotherTeresadecidedtoresign(辞职)fromthepostofheadoftheorder.AsecretvotewasconductedinwhichallthenunsvotedforthestayofMotherTeresaexceptherself.So,sheagreedtocontinueservingasheadoftheMissionariesofCharity.Daybydayherhealthwasgettingworse.OnSeptember5,1997,exactly2ninedaysafterher87thbirthday,thisgreatsouldepartedforheaven.1.WhydidMotherTeresadevoteherlifetothereligiouslife?A.Becauseherparentshadadeepinfluenceonher.B.Becauseshewantedtoprovideservicesforothers.C.Becauseshethoughtthelifeofmissionariessimple.D.BecauseshecametoknowtheSistersofLoreto.2.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedwordshunned?A.Cared.B.Concerned.C.Ignored.D.Affected.3.WhydidMotherTeresadecidetoresignfromherpost?A.Sherealizedshecouldn’tfullyservethepeopleinneed.B.Shewasonlyworriedaboutherhealthcondition.C.Shewishedtoleadamorecomfortablelife.D.Sheknewaheartattackwouldtakeherlifeawayatanytime.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍一位伟大的女性MotherTeresa。MotherTeresa(1910年8月26日-1997年9月5日)为改善人类社会状况做出了巨大的贡献。由于她对社会的贡献，69岁的她获得了诺贝尔和平奖。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Itwasthefirststepthatshemadetowardsprovidingservicesformankind.“这是她为人类提供服务的第一步。”由此可知，MotherTeresa之所以献身于宗教生活是因为她想为别人提供服务。故选B。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中themissionofwhichwouldbetotakecareoftheneedy,thehomeless,“它的使命是照顾穷人，无家可归的人，”再根据theneedy,thehomeless,andpeoplewhowereshunnedbythesociety.是并列关系，所以应该是“被社会忽视的人”，故划线部分的意思是“忽视”。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Herhealthwentworseandintheyear1991,shesuffered3frompneumonia.Takingherhealthproblemsintoconsideration,MotherTeresadecidedtoresign(辞职)fromthepostofheadoftheorder.“她的健康每况愈下，1991年，她患了肺炎。考虑到她的健康问题，特蕾莎修女决定辞去教团团长的职务。”可知，MotherTeresa决定辞职是因为她意识到她不能完全为需要帮助的人服务。故选A。BGeneticengineering,initsbroadestdefinition,meanstocontrolaspeciessothataparticulartraitisincreasedinthepopulation.Atraitishowanorganism(有机体)looksoractsorwhatitdoes.Havingbrowneyesisatrait.Flyingincirclesisatrait.Climbingtreesisatrait.Theearliestformsofgeneticengineeringoccurredonfarms.Peopleselectedseedsfromplantsthathadmorefruitproductionortastierleavesthanotherplantsoftheirtypes.Thentheychosetosavetheseedsfromthebestofthatgrouptosowthenextyear.So,yearbyyear,thefarmersproducedbetterandbettercrops.Thistypeofactivityprobablyhasbeengoingonsincemankindfirstsettledinvillagesandbeganmakingalifeforthemselvesinonelocation,about12,000yearsago!Thesamesortofthingwouldhavealsohappenedwithanimals.Forexample,peoplechosetoeattheanimalsthatdidn’thavefavorabletraitsandlettheanimalswiththefavorabletraitsreproduce.Itwasthousandsofyearsbeforemankindfiguredouthowplantsandanimalsreproducethemselves.Withthisknowledge,peoplecouldpollinate(授粉)plantsbyhandorkeepapairofanimalstogetherinordertodeliberatelycauseanincreaseinafavorabletrait.Itwasonlyinthelast250yearsthatscientistsbeganfiguringoutchromosomes(染色体)andgenesandtheroletheyplayinthewayonegenerationpassesitstraitsontothenext.Andit’sonlybeeninthelast30yearsthatscientistshavebeenabletocutoutspecificgenesfromoneorganismandputtheminanother.Itisthis30-year-oldtechnologythatisdescribedbythenarrowdefinitionofgeneticengineering.Mankindhaslongbeenabletohaveadeliberateimpactontheworldaroundhim.Henowpossessesthetoolstodeliberatelyimpacthimself.Somepeople4areafraidofwhatmightbedonewiththatpower.4.Thetextismainlydevelopedby______.A.askingquestionsB.examiningdifferencesC.makingcomparisonsD.givingexamples5.Paragraph2mainlytalksabout______.A.thespreadofgeneticengineeringB.theadvantageofgeneticengineeringC.theoriginalapplicationofgeneticengineeringD.thepopularityofgeneticengineering6.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.specificgenesB.specialtraitsC.chromosomesD.scientists7.Whatcanwelearnaboutgeneticengineeringfromthelastparagraph?A.Ithasahistoryof250yearsbythenarrowdefinitionofgeneticengineering.B.Scientistsdon’tknowhowtomakegooduseofit.C.Peoplehaveamisunderstandingofitinthepast30years.D.Itisbecomingapowerfultoolofmankind.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析