2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 3 The Violence of Nature Se

-1-SectionⅢGrammar——被动语态(Ⅱ)&直接引语与间接引语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Bythetimeitended，morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2，700hadbeeninjured.2.Bythelate1890s，hehadmovedtoGalveston，wherehediedin1899，ayearbeforethehurricanestruck.3.Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelivedthereandsixthousandhadlefttheweekbefore.4.Thereporteraskedwhenpeoplewouldbeabletoreturnhome.1.2句采用了过去完成时，其构成形式为：主语＋haddone。2.1句采用了过去完成时的被动语态，其构成形式为：主语＋hadbeendone。3.3、4句均为直接引语变间接引语的句子，在变间接引语时，人称、时态、语序等方面都要做相应的变化。一、过去完成时的被动语态1．构成：had＋been＋过去分词2．用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before，after，bythetime，when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by，before，until＋过去的时间点。Whenshegothome，shefoundthatherkeyshadbeenleftinheroffice.当她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。By16：30，whichwasalmostclosingtime，nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。Thenewspaperreportedmorethan1，000peoplehadbeenkilledinthehurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。[名师点津]在“Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...”句型中。此句型主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句中，主语和谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。-2-Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenbeatenblackandblue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。[即时演练1]单句语法填空①Bytheendoflastyear，10，000treeshadbeenplanted(plant)inthatvillage.②Hisvillagehadbeenflooded(flood)intheheavyrain，sohemovedtohisparents'house.二、直接引语与间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫作间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导(that可省略)。Marysaidtoherfriends，“Idon'tlikecomputers.”→Marysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn'tlikecomputers.2．直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从句(从句中须用陈述语序)。Theyaskedhim，“Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil？”→Theyaskedhimif/whetheritwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who，whom，when，where，why，how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(从句中须用陈述语序)。“Whendoyouharvestthewheat？”theyaskedhim.→Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.4．直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语＋ask/order/tell/beg等＋宾语＋动词不定式”句型。Hesaid，“Doitnowanddon'tputitoffuntiltomorrow.”→Hetoldmetodoitthenandnottoputitoffuntilthenextday.5．直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时[名师点津]-3-直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，变成间接引语时时态不变。当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。6．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化：直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastyeartheyearbeforeagobeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecomegobringtake[即时演练2]句型转换①“Ilikereadingadventurestories，”saidJohn.→Johnsaid(that)helikedreadingadventurestories.②“Youhavefinishedthehomework，haven'tyou？”mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.③“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thefloorlookedclean，becauseithadbeencleaned(clean)beforewearrived.2．WhenIgotupthismorning，Ifoundthattherainhadstopped(stop)andthesunwasshining.3．Bythetimetheletterreachedyou，Ihadleft(leave)thecountry.4．Assoonassheheardthenewsthatherlostbabyhadbeenfound(find)，theexcitedmotherburstintotears.5.Myparentsaskedmewhowouldhelp(help)meifIdidn'thelpmyself?-4-6．WhenIgottothetheatre，Ifoundtheticketshadbeensold(sell)out.7．—Howwasthejourney?—Tiring!Icaughtthetrainatthelastsecondandalltheseatshadbeenoccupied(occupy)．Istoodalltheway.8．Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewasanythingwrong.9．Theteachertoldusthatlighttravels(travel)muchfasterthansound.10．Tonytoldhisteacherthathewouldgo(go)toBeijingbyplanethenextweekend.Ⅱ.单句改错1．TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.his→my2．Itwasreportedthatmorethan1，000peoplehadkilledinthetornado.killed前面加been3．Hesaidthatsomebridgeshadwashedawayafterthestorm.had后加been4．TheteacheraskedthestudentsthattheywereinterestedinEnglish.that→whether/if5．Johntoldmethatheisgoingtoseethefilmasecondtime.is→was6．Hesaidthathehadboughtthehouse10yearsago.ago→before7．Theteachertoldusthatthesunwasbiggerthanthemoon.was→is8．MarytoldmethatshemovetoLondonnextyear.she后加would9.Thoughhewasjustapoornewsboy，hehadtaughtsomegoodthings.taught前加been10．JohnaskedmethatwhetherIwouldliketovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.去掉that