2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅰ Reading（

-1-Unit2Language当今社会，一个人会讲两种、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？读完下面的短文，你会大吃一惊。Whenpeopleareaskedhowmanylanguagestheythinkthereareintheworld，theanswersareverydifferent.OnerandomsamplingofNewYorkers，forinstance，resultedinanswerslike“probablyseveralhundred”．Howeverwechoosetocountthem，though，thisisnotclose.Whenwelookatreferenceworks，wefindestimatesthathaveescalatedovertime.The1911(11th)editionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica，forexample，suggestsafiguresomewherearound1，000，anumberthatclimbssteadilyoverthecourseofthetwentiethcentury.Thatisnotduetoanyincreaseinthenumberoflanguages，butrathertoourincreasedunderstandingofhowmanylanguagesareactuallyspokeninareasthathadpreviouslybeendescribed.Muchpioneeringworkinprovingthelanguagesoftheworldhasbeendonebymissionaryorganizations(suchastheSummerInstituteofLinguistics)withaninterestintranslatingtheChristianBible.Asof1997，atleastaportionoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedinto2，197differentlanguages，stillalongwayshortoffullcoverage.Themostextensivecatalogoftheworld'slanguages，generallytakentobeasauthoritativeasany，isthatoftheEthnologyorganization，whosedetailedclassifiedlistcurrentlyincludes6，809distinctlanguages.[阅读障碍词]1．random随机的，任意的2．sampling抽样3．estimate估计4．escalate上升5．Encyclopedia百科全书6．coverage覆盖范围7．catalog目录[诱思导读]根据短文内容，回答下列问题1．Whydoesthenumberoflanguagesclimbsteadilyoverthecourseofthetwentieth-2-century?Becauseourunderstandingofthenumberoflanguagesincreasesconstantly.2．Whatistheauthoritativenumberoflanguages?6，809.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ)(Welcometotheunit&Reading)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.occupyA．vt.替换，代替，取代()2.consistB．n.口音，腔调；着重点()3.contributionC．adv.因此，所以()4.replaceD．vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)()5.entireE．n.过程；进程()6.raiseF．n.区别，差别()7.thereforeG．vi.组成，构成()8.processH．n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠()9.distinctionI．vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及()10.accentJ．adj.完全的，整个的[答案]1－5DGHAJ6－10ICEFBⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A．开始使用B．由……构成C．除了D．增加，添加E．担当F．代替，而不是1．Itmaddensmethatshewaschoseninsteadofme.2．Asidefrombeingfunandgoodexercise，swimmingisaveryusefulskill.3．Whendidthetraincomeintouse？4．Shedidn'twanttoworkasaservantforever.5．Theydon'twanttoaddtothegovernment'sburden.6．Iwantmyfirmtobemadeupofexcellentworkers.[答案]1－6FCAEDB-3-EnglishanditshistoryAllthroughhistory，peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabulary(词汇)①thesepeoplebroughttoBritain．ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.英语及其历史有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人带到不列颠的语法和词汇构成的。那就是英语有如此多令人困惑不解的规则的原因。[助读讲解]thesepeoplebroughttoBritain是定语从句，修饰先行词thegrammarandvocabulary，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。OldEnglishOldEnglishisverydifferentfromtheEnglish②wespeaknowadays(现在，如今)．Infact，wewouldnotbeabletounderstanditifweheardittoday.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury，peopleinBritainallspokealanguage③calledCeltic．ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.OldEnglishconsistedofamixture(混合)oftheirlanguages.(BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles；thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.)AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon，veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendofthe9thcentury，theVikings，④peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway，begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages，⑤whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish．Bythe10thcentury，OldEnglishhadbecometheofficial(官方的，正式的)languageofEngland.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday，wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrases(短语)touse.⑥ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages，butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample，thewordsickcamefromaword⑦onceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons，⑧whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.古英语古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果今天听到古英语，我们会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。古英语是由他们的语言混合而成的。(英语及英国人都是由盎格鲁人命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像“London”这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北-4-欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。现在当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语而感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，“sick”一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而“ill”则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。[助读讲解]②wespeaknowadays是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词theEnglish。③过去分词短语calledCeltic作后置定语，修饰alanguage。④peoplefrom...andNorway是theVikings的同位语。⑤whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish是非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。⑥Thisisbecause...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句，其后接表示原因的句子。其中介词短语fromdifferentlanguages作定语，修饰wordsandphrases。⑦过去分词短语onceusedby...作后置定语，修饰aword。⑧whileillcamefrom...中while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。MiddleEnglishMiddleEnglishisthename⑨giventotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies．ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans，aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeated(战胜)Englandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However，theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons'victoryabout600yearsearlier，⑩whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic．⑪EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland，FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.Ontheotherhand，theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimila