2019年高中英语 Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅲ Grammar— 虚拟语气

1SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气（1）语法图解虚拟语气(1)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法→与过去事实相反虚拟条件的三种特殊形式if的虚拟语气→错综时间条件句探究发现①Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?②Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.③Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.④HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.⑤Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.⑥ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.⑦Iftheyhadstartedearlyyesterdaymorning,theywouldbeherenow.⑧Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek.⑨Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.⑩Shewasn'tfeelingwell.Otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.[我的发现](1)①②③句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。(2)④⑤⑥句为省略if的虚拟条件句。(3)⑦⑧句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。(4)⑨⑩句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语but_for或副词otherwise等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法2情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式用were)would/should/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式用were)should＋动词原形wereto＋动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtakethebeautifuldressformydaughter.如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的衣服。(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwould_buy(buy)acar.②Ifwehad_driven(drive)inturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.③Ifitwere_to_snow(snow)tomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式1．省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were,had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。WereitSundaytomorrow,weshouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknowntheschedule.要是我知道安排可能会省去一些麻烦。Shoulditraintomorrow,theflightmightbeputoff.如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。[名师点津]若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我3们可以说“Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.”但不能说“Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.”。[即时演练2]句型转换①Ifyouhadgonetotheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.→Had_you_gonetotheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.②IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.→Had_I_knownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.③Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.→Should_it_raintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.2．错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。Ifithadnotbeenforhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.如果不是前几天他的邀请，现在我不会在这里。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去)[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Ifyouhad_listened(listen)tomeyesterday,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.②IfIwere(be)you,Iwouldhaveplantedsometreesroundthehouse.③Ifyouhad_stuck(stick)yourowndreambefore,yourlifewould_be(be)differenttoday.3．含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor,without等介词(短语)表示条件。Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.真幸运，我们订了一个房间，要不然，我们现在就会无处可住了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。4[即时演练4](1)选词填空：otherwise,or①Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,_Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.②Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(2)一句多译如果世界上没有战争，人们会生活得更幸福。①If_there_were_no_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.②Were_there_no_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.③Without_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考改编)Ifthenewsafetysystemhad_been_put(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.2．(2017·江苏高考改编)Were(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.3．IfIwereyou,Iwouldn't_have_missed(miss)thefilmlastnight.4．Ifyousucceeded(succeed),everythingwouldbeallright.5．Ifshehadn't_been(not,be)ill,shemighthavecome.6．IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecould_ask(ask)himsomequestions.7．Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwould_be(be)allrightnow.8．Iftheywere(be)here,theywouldhelpyou.9．Ifwehad_started(start)earlier,weshouldnot_have_missed(not,miss)thebusthismorning.10．Withoutwater,therewouldbenolifeontheearth.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Hadyoubeenthereatthattime,it_would_have_been_much_better.如果你当时在那里就好多了。2．If_you_had_spoken_clearly,_youwouldhavemadeyourselfunderstood.如果你说得清楚些，别人就会听懂你了。3．But_for_these_interruptions,_themeetingwouldhavefinishedhalfanhourago.要不是这几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。4．Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight5would_be_too_coldforustoliveon.如果没有空气保留一些阳光的热量，夜间地球就会很寒冷，以至于我们不能居住。5．Ifyouhadn't_stayed_uplatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚不熬夜，现在就不会这么瞌睡了。6．Ilostyouraddress;otherwise_I_would_have_visited_youlongbefore.我把你的地址弄丢了，不然我很久以前就拜访你了。7．Whatwouldyoudoif_you_were_in_my_place?假如你处在我的位置上，你将怎么办呢？8．IfI_were_to_go_to_the_moon_some_day,_Icouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。Ⅲ.短文改错Hi,Janice，It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenew