2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Section Ⅳ Gramma

-1-SectionⅣGrammar直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)1．(教材P5)“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary，”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2．(教材P5)“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.3．(教材P5)“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore．4．Mymothersaid,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”→Mymothersaidafriendinneedisafriendindeed.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则人称变化的三原则1．“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。◆Marysaid，“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.2．“第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。◆Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyouaskforaleave？”→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.3．“第三人称不更新”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。◆Mr.Smithsaid，“Hisvoiceiswonderful.”→Mr.Smithsaidhisvoicewaswonderful.时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：-2-直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时◆Hisfriendsaidtohim，“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.◆Theorganizersaid，“Wehavebegunourplan.”→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。◆Myteachersaidtousyesterday，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前-3-threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去◆Sheasked，“Isthisbookhis？”→Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwashis.◆“I’llbeverybusytoday，”saidtheman.→Themansaidhewouldbeverybusythatday.连接词的选择1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。Hesaid，“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为toldsb.。◆Hisfathersaidtohim，“Youshouldworkhardifyouwanttogotocollege.”→Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldworkhardifhewantedtogotocollege.2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or或...ornot)或if引导。◆Hisfriendaskedhim，“Areyouinterestedinplayingfootball？”→Hisfriendaskedhimwhetherhewasinterestedinplayingfootball.如果主句的谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。◆“What’syourname？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。◆“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.-4-→Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.Ⅰ句型转换1．“Whatareyoudoingnow？”Mumaskedme.MumaskedmewhatIwasdoingthen．2．“WhydidHelenrefusetogothere？”theteacherasked.TheteacheraskedwhyHelenhadrefusedtogothere.3．Johnsaid,“IamgoingtovisitDisneylandthedayaftertomorrow.”JohnsaidthathewasgoingtovisitDisneylandintwodays’time．4．“Didyougotheretowatchthefootballmatchlastnight？”Bobaskedme.Bobaskedmeif/whetherIhadgonetheretowatchthefootballmatchthenightbefore．5．Myfathersaid,“Iworkedheretwentyyearsago.”Myfathersaidthathehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbefore/earlier．6．“Wherewillyougowithyourfathertomorrow？”Peteraskedme.PeteraskedmewhereIwouldgowithmyfatherthenextday．7．SophiaaskedmewhetherIhadheardaboutthatbadnewsthedaybefore.Sophiasaidtome,“Didyouhearaboutthisbadnewsyesterday？”8．Helentoldmethatshewouldn’tgotoHainanthefollowingday.Helensaidtome,“Iwon’tgotoHainantomorrow．”9．Tony’sfatheraskedhimhowhehadfinishedthetaskbyhimselftwodaysearlier.Tony’sfatheraskedTony,“Howdidyoufinishthetaskbyyourselfthedaybeforeyesterday？”10．ThegirlsaidthatshewaswatchingtheTVplaythen.Thegirlsaid,“IamwatchingtheTVplaynow．”Ⅱ单句改错1．Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovedaroundthesun.moved→moves2．Thedoctorsaid,“Youwerenotbadlyillandyouwillbebettersoon.”were→are3．Petersaidthathehadseentheladyinthebookstoreago.ago→before4．MyfriendaskedmethatifIhadwatchedthatfilmthenightbefore.去掉第一个that5．Bobaskedhisnewclassmatethatshecamefromthatmorning.that→whereⅢ语法与写作1．那个男孩的妈妈问他是否对他做过的事感到抱歉。-5-Thatboy’smotheraskedhimif/whetherhewassorryforwhathehaddone．2．我告诉他我丢了这笔钱并会找到它。ItoldhimthatIhadlostthemoneyandthatIwouldfindit．3．史密斯夫人问她儿子为什么不愿意放弃那个项目。Mrs.Smithaskedhersonwhyhewouldn’tgiveupthatproject．4．罗斯告诉我说她后天来北京看我。RosetoldmethatshewouldcometoBeijingtovisitmeintwodays’time．5．老师说：“太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。”Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsdowninthewest.Ⅰ请将下列直接引语变成间接引语1．“Youshouldbemorecreativenexttime，”myteachersaidtome.MyteachertoldmethatIshouldbemorecreativethenexttime．2．Mr.Brownsaid,“IwillleaveforNewYorkonbusinessnextmonth，Mary.”Mr.BrowntoldMarythathewouldleaveforNewYorkonbusinessthenextmonth．3．“Don’tmakesomuchnoiseinclass，boysandgirls，”saidMr.Wang.Mr.Wangtoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.4．Ourteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesaroundthesun.”Ourteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesaroundthesun.5．“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone？”themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorry