2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 2 Making a difference Sect

-1-SectionⅢUsinglanguage过去分词作定语[观察例句]①Theyboughtalotofusedbooks.②Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.③Heisaretiredworker.④Heisfondofthefoodcooked(＝whichiscooked)byyourmother.⑤Thisisthehousebuilt(＝whichwasbuilt)lastyear.⑥Fromyourdisappointedvoice，Ihavetosaythatyouarereallydisappointed.Ⅰ.过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况1．前置定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动或完成意义。A类：被动意义及物动词的过去分词作定语，常表示被动或完成。anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。B类：完成意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示主动和完成，不表示被动。aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2．后置定语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如：Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(＝thathaseverbeenwritten)．这将是这类小说中写得最好的。Whoweretheso­calledguestsinvited(＝whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？-2-Ⅱ.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher，butshecouldn'tfindanypapertowriteiton.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸写下来。Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithsmoking.有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。Lastnight，thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。[即时训练]完成句子①他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。Herushedintotheburninghouse．②这个男孩总是第一个来到教室。Theboyisalwaysthefirsttocometotheclassroom．③它们都是10年前栽种的树。Theyaretreesplantedtenyearsago．④这些都是发达国家。Thesearedevelopedcountries．⑤他每天早上起床后喝一杯开水。Hehasaglassofboiledwaterafterhegetsupeverymorning.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thefirsttextbookwritten(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.2．Whatisthelanguagespoken(speak)insuchadistantmountainvillage?3．Thousandsofproductsmade(make)fromcoalarenowindailyuse.4．Theyhadbeefandsmoked(smoke)fishforsupper.-3-5．Theleavesburied(bury)intheeartheveryyearmakethesoilricherandricher.6．Thetreesblown(blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.7．Hisnephew，lost(lose)atseawhenhewasfifteen，hadbeenhisonlyrelative.8．Maryisanewnurseandherjobistotakecareofthewounded(wound)soldiers.9．Themeetingheld(hold)yesterdayaimedtodealwiththeproblemslinkedtoteenagers'mentalhealth.10．Heleftthebroken(break)disheslyingonthefloorandwentouttoplay.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Itissaidthatacourse1.offered(offer)atauniversityinEastChinawillgivethemark2.linked(link)totheweightlossinordertolimitstudentobesity(肥胖)．Thecourse3.aimed(aim)toencouragestudentstocontroltheirdietsisfromZhouQuanfu，ateacheratNanjingAgriculturalUniversityanditalsohasthepurposeofincreasing4.their(they)exercise.Zhousaid60percentofastudent'sgradewill5.bedetermined(determine)bytheirweightloss.Iftheymanagetoreduce7percentoftheir6.original(origin)weight，theycanpassthecourse.Onestudent，7.whodeclinedtogiveherrealnamesaidthatthestudentsranontreadmill(跑步机)intheschool'sfitnessroomandwalked10kilometreseveryMonday8.andFridayevening.EveryWednesdayafternoon，theywillhaveamountain­climbingtrip9.led(lead)bytheteacher.Thestudentsusemobileappstorecorddailyfoodintake.Beforeeatingtheysendphotos10.oftheirfoodviatheappforsuggestionsfromnutritionists.