（浙京津鲁琼专版）2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题二 阅读理解 第四节 主旨大意题 二 文章或段落

1二、文章或段落大意题(2019·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.语篇解读文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?2A．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol...competewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．”可知，声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D项。29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C项。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现3象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表示转折的词汇(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等词。4例如：【真题感悟】中第27题。根据第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。A(2019·河北衡水中学押题卷二)Astheparentofa7­year­oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”．Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(过分受约束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople­PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade­oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust­readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people­pleasers”．Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself­respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople­pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswha