2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Back to the past Section Ⅰ

1Unit3Backtothepast古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大、版图上辽阔，它所创造的古罗马文化在哲学、文学、建筑等方面，也是全人类巨大的精神财富，是世界古典文化中的瑰宝。AncientRomeisthattimeinhistorywhentheRomanEmpireexisted.Atitspeak,theempireincludedmostofEurope,northernAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.TheRomanswereknownfortheirarmy,architecture,andgovernment.Theempireexistedfromabout100B．C.to500A．D.Althoughmanypeopletalkaboutthe“riseandfall”oftheRomanEmpire,othersfocusonhowthecivilizationchangedovertime.Bothpositives(i.e.,artandarchitecture)andnegatives(i.e.,slaveryandcruelty)canbeidentifiedintheculturethroughoutthehistoryofAncientRome.Thefirstsettlementswereestablishedaround753B．C.Attheheightoftheempirearound200A．D.,theempirecovered2.5millionsquaremiles.TheWesternEmpirefellin476A．D.andtheEasternEmpirelasteduntil1453.Basedonstrictorganizationandcentralized(中央集权的)control,theempirewasconnectedbyahugenetworkofroadswiththecityofRomeinthecenter.Eachtownwasplannedinexactlythesamewayincludingasystemofstreets,runningwater,andsewers(污水管)．TheForumatthecenteroftownwassurroundedbyshops,temples,andgovernmentbuildings.Astrongarmydefendedandexpandedtheempire.Thesoldiersbelongedtolegions(军队)ofabout5，000people.Theywerehighlytrainedandwell­equippedwitharmor,shields,spears,andswords.Awell­organizedcivilservicesystemgovernedthepeople.RomanhistorycontainsmanyfamousfiguresincludingAugustus,thefirstemperor,JuliusCaesar,Caligula,andNero.TheRomanshadmanyfestivalsandrituals(仪式)foreventssuchaschildbirth,marriage,andfunerals.LikeGreekculture,Romanculturewasknownforits2mythology.TheRomansenjoyedfood,baths,andallkindsofentertainment.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[学生用书P54][基础词汇]1．found__vt.兴建，创建2.flee_vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．destroy_vt.毁坏，摧毁4．ruin_n.废墟，毁坏vt.破坏；毁灭[拓展词汇]5．commercial_adj.商业的，贸易的→commercen．贸易；商业6．unfortunate_adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏7．decorate_vt.装饰，装潢→decorationn．装饰；装饰品8．civilization_n．文明→civilizevt.使开化；使文明9．graduallyadv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的10．remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remainv．剩余；逗留；留下；依然；保持1．protect...from...保护……免受……2．be_known_as作为……而出名3．take_over夺取；接管4．be_buried_alive被活埋5．turn_out证明是6．together_with和……一起7．cut_down砍倒8．result_in导致……9．break_down毁掉；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解10．fail_to_do未能做……1．完全倒装3Nearthecitywas_a_volcano(是一座火山)．2．so＋助动词＋主语……也是如此Manypeoplewereburiedalive,and_so_was_the_city(这座城市也是一样)．3．Itturnsoutthat...结果……It_turns_out_that(结果)aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared...4．it作形式主语It’s_hard_to_imagine(很难想象)howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!5．bebelievedtohavedone人们相信……It_is_believed_to_have_been_gradually_covered(人们相信它逐渐被埋)overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.ⅠScanthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachdiary.Diary1A．avisittoPompeiicityDiary2B．thepurposeanddestinationofthetripDiary3C．thediscoveryoftheLoulanKingdomDiary4D．alectureaboutPompeiiandvolcanoDiary5E．generalinformationaboutLoulan答案：BDAECⅡReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．LoulaniscalledChina’sPompeiiinthedesertbecause________．A．bothofthemoncehadgreatcivilizationsB．bothofthemoncehadsimilarbuildingstructuresC．theywerebothdestroyedbyvolcanoeruptionD．theywerebothpowerfulintheancientpast2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutLoulan?A．ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoad.B．Itwasdestroyedbysandstormsgradually.C．ItwasdiscoveredbytheEuropeanexplorerSvenHedinmorethan100yearsago.D．Itwasn’tburiedcompletelybecauseofenormoustrees.3．What’sthemainsimilaritybetweenPompeiiandLoulan?A．Theywereburiedatthesametime.4B．Theywerebothwealthycities2，000yearsago.C．Theyweredestroyedinthesameway.D．Theywerediscoveredbyexplorers.4．Thepurposeofwritingthispassageis________．A．toshowhowhappythewriterwastohaveachancetovisitthesitesB．toarousepeople’ssenseofprotectingcivilizationsC．tocomparethecivilizationsofPompeiiandLoulanD．totellushowPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyed答案：1－4.ADBBⅢAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen,withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!WhenIwalkedaroundthecity是when引导的____________从句；Isawstreets是主句；justastheyhadbeen是as引导的方式状语从句；withsteppingstonesalongtheroad是with复合结构作状语；soyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays是so引导的____________从句。[尝试翻译]当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样________你就不用在泥泞中行走了！答案：时间状语；结果状语；下雨天2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.本句是主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句；该主语从句中还包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity；此状语从句中还包含有一个由who引导的________从句whofailedtofleethecity,修饰先行词people。分词短语leaving...intheash充当________状语。[尝试翻译]原来，火山灰覆盖了__________________，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。答案：定语；结果；没能逃离城市的人5[学生用书P56]Lostcivilizations①Day1，15JulyIfeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip.WeareinItalynow,andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.Nextweekweareflying②toChina,andgoingtoLoulan,whichisknownasChina’sPompeiiinthedesert③.BothPompeiiandLoulanbecamelostcivilizationslongago.Day2，16JulyThismorningweattendedalecture④aboutPompeii.Thecitywasfounded⑤int