2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅰ Warmi

-1-Unit4Earthquakes1976年7月28日，唐山市发生了强度里氏7.8级的地震，这是20世纪死伤率最大的地震之一。1976TangshanEarthquakeAt3：42am,anearthquakemeasuringbetween7.8and8.2magnitudeontheRichterscaleflattenedTangshan,aChineseindustrialcitywithapopulationofaboutonemillion.Asalmosteveryonewasasleepintheirbeds,insteadofoutsideintherelativelysafestreets,thequakewasespeciallycostlyintermsofhumanlife.It’sestimatedthatabout242，000peopleinTangshanandsurroundingareaswerekilled,makingtheearthquakeoneofthedeadliestinrecordedhistory.Inthedaysbeforetheearthquake,well­waterlevelsroseandfell.Ratswereseenrunninginpanicked(恐慌的)packsinbroaddaylight.Chickensrefusedtoeat.DuringtheeveningofJuly27andtheearlymorninghoursofJuly28,peoplereportedflashesofcoloredlightandroaring(轰鸣的)fireballs.At3：42am,mostpeopleweresleepingquietlywhentheearthquakestruck.Itlastedfor14－16secondsandleveled90percentofTangshan’sbuildings.Atleastaquarter­of­a­millionpeoplewerekilledand160，000wereinjured.Theearthquakecameduringtheheatofmidsummer,andmanyfrightenedsurvivorsclimbedoutoftheirruinedhousesnaked,coveredonlyindustandblood.Theearthquakestartedfires-2-andlitexplosiveandpoisonousgasesinTangshan’sfactories.Waterandelectricitywerecutoffandrailsandroadsaccessibletothecityweredestroyed.TheChinesegovernmentwasill­preparedforadisasterofthisscaleatthattime.Thedayfollowingthequake,helicoptersandplanesbegandroppingfoodandmedicineintothecity.About100，000soldiersoftheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmywereorderedtoTangshan,andmanyhadtomarchonfootfromJinzhou,adistanceofmorethan180miles.About30，000medicalpersonnelwerecalledin,alongwith30，000constructionworkers.Inthedecisivefirstweekafterthedisaster,manypeoplediedfromlackofmedicalcare.Tangshanwaseventuallyrebuiltwithsufficientearthquakeprecautions.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Comprehending重点单词写作词汇1.earthquaken．地震2.burstvi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发3.millionn.百万4.eventn.事件；大事5.ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产6.destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭7.rescuen．&vt.援救；营救8.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境9.disastern.灾难；灾祸10.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏11.sheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处12.electricityn.电；电流；电学拓展词汇13.nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.国家的；全国性的14.sufferingn．苦难；痛苦→sufferv．遭受-3-15.extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.极端地；很；非常地16.injurevt.损害；伤害→injuryn．伤害17.uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的→usefuladj.有用的→usen．用途v．使用18.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊→shockedadj.震惊的；震撼的→shockingadj.令人震惊的19.dirtn．污垢；泥土→dirtyadj.脏的，肮脏的20.minen．矿；矿山；矿井→minern．矿工阅读词汇21.welln．井22.crackn.裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂23.smellyadj.发臭的，有臭味的24.farmyardn.农场；农家25.pipen.管；导管26.canaln．运河；水道27.steamn.蒸汽；水汽28.brickn.砖；砖块29.damn.水坝；堰堤30.trackn.轨道；足迹；痕迹重点短语1.rightaway立刻；马上2.asif仿佛；好像3.atanend结束；终结4.inruins严重受损；破败不堪5.digout掘出；发现6.a(great)numberof许多；大量的重点句型1.too＋adj.＋to...由于太……而不……Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat(由于太紧张而不吃东西).2.Itseems/seemedasif...看起来似乎……Itseemedasif(看起来似乎)theworldwasatanend！3.everywhere引导让步状语从句Everywheretheylooked(无论他们朝哪里看)nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.-4-4.not与all连用表示部分否定Allhopewasnotlost(不是所有的希望都破灭了).ⅠFast­readingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．AterribleearthquakeofTangshan.B．BeforetheearthquakeofTangshan.C．DuringtheearthquakeofTangshan.D．DamagesoftheearthquakeofTangshan.答案：A2．Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1A．TheearthquakecausedunbelievabledestructiontoTangshan.Para.2B．TheearthquakehappenedandcauseddeathsorinjuriesinTangshan.Para.3C．Helpcamesoonafterthequakes.Para.4D．Noonepaidattentionthoughstrangethingshappened.答案：DBACⅡCareful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat________．A．peopledidn’tthinktoomuchoftheearthquakeB．peopleweremadetolosetheirsensebythesuddenbigearthquakeC．peopledidn’trealizethataterribleearthquakehappenedinsuchashorttimeD．peopledidn’tthinkanearthquakecouldbringsuchgreatdamage2．Thetitle“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”means________．A．theearthwasawakeallnightlongB．aterribleearthquakehappenedthatnightC．peopleontheearthcouldn’tfallasleepthatnightD．animalsontheearthcouldn’tfallasleepthatnight3．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethefeelingsofthewriter?A．Pitifulandhopeless.B．Sorrowfulandhopeful.C．Hopefulandshocked.-5-D．Mercifulanddelighted.答案：1－3.CBBⅢStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingsentencesinthetextthatmaybedifficulttounderstand.1．Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.[翻译]老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。2．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.[翻译]但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。3．Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.[翻译]人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。4．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.-6-[翻译]部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。①well[wel]n.井②rise[raɪz]vi.上升；增加(不及物动词，不用于被动语态)③crack[kræk]n.裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂④smelly['smelɪ]adj.发臭的；有臭味的⑤farmyard['fɑːmjɑːd]n.农场；农家⑥pipe[paɪp]n.管；导管⑦burst[bɜːst]vi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发⑧million['mɪljən]n.百万⑨thinklittleof认为……没什么了不起，对……满不在乎⑩event[ɪ'vent]n.事件；大事⑪asif仿佛；好像⑫atanend结束；终结⑬directlyadv.正好，恰好⑭nation['neɪʃn]n.民族；国家；国民⑮cutacross横穿；抄近路穿越⑯canal[kə'næl]n.运河；水道⑰steam[stiːm]n.蒸汽；水汽⑱dirt[dɜːt]n.污垢；泥土⑲ruin['ruːɪn]n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产inruins严重受损；破败不堪⑳suffering['sʌfərɪŋ]n.苦难