2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Natural disasters Sectio

-1-SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalking基础知识预习自检Ⅰ.重点词汇1．erupt(vi.&vt.)(火山)爆发；(岩浆)喷出→eruption(n.)喷发，爆发2．survive(vi.)生存；存活(vt.)幸存；艰难度过→survival(n.)幸存；残存物→survivor(n.)幸存者3．power(n.)电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful(adj.)强大的；权力大的4．calm(adj.)镇静的；沉着的→calmly(adv.)镇静地；沉着地→calmness(n.)平静；沉静5．in_the_open_air露天；在户外6．first_aid_kit急救箱7．on_hand现有(尤指帮助)Ⅱ.教材原句1．Thecouple________________(住在我们隔壁)volunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.(教材P52)答案：wholivenexttous2．Herearesomeofthepeople______________________(家园被摧毁)bythetyphoon.(教材P52)答案：whosehomesweredestroyed3．Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople________________(那些睡着的)．(教材P52)答案：whowereasleep4．Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings________________________(那些被毁坏的)bythehurricanewererepaired.(教材P52)答案：whichhadbeendamaged5．Thewomanwroteathank­youlettertothesoldierby________________(救助她的那个人)．(教材P52)答案：whomshewasrescued6．What's________________(救援工作人员)doing？(教材P52)答案：therescueworker7．She'sfeedingthebaby__________________________(在地震中幸存的)．(教材P52)-2-答案：whosurvivedtheearthquake8．________________(拨打紧急号码)．(教材P53)答案：Callanemergencynumber9．Ifyoufindyourself____________(处于……的危险中)aforestfire,firstofall,staycalm.(教材P53)答案：indangerfrom10．Wewouldsuggestalways____________(在手边存留)enoughwaterandfoodforthreedays.(教材P53)答案：havingonhand-3-重点知识合作探究①AsfarasIknow,theoldwomansurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。②Theseplayershavetosurvive_ontheirabilities.这些运动员得靠能力才能不被淘汰。③Thistraditionsurvived_fromearliertimes.这个传统是从早年留存下来的。④Officialssaidtherewerenosurvivorsoftheplanecrash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。单句语法填空①Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurvive________yoursmallsalary.②Aftertheplanecrash,whatthe________(survive)coulddowaswaitforrescueonthisdesertisland.③Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceof________(survive)．答案：①on②survivors③survival-4-①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmed_down.我把小鸟放到窝里，它很快平静了下来。②Trytokeep_calmandjusttellmewhathappened.镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。③Weadmiredhiscalmnessunderpressure.我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。(1)单句语法填空Themostimportantthingistokeep________(calm)whateverhappens.答案：calm(2)单句写作在紧急情况下，我们应该保持镇静，这点至关重要。Weshould______________incaseofemergency,whichmattersmuch.答案：calmourselvesdown-5-①Hewasbreathingonlywith_the_aid_ofaventilator.他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。②Shebelievesthestorymighthavehadadifferentendingifthosegoodpeoplehadnotcome_to_her_aid.如果那些好心人不来帮助她，她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。③What'sthislittlehandlein_aid_of?这个小把手有什么用？(1)单句语法填空①Neighboursaidedhim________moneywhenhealmostlosteverythinginthefire.②Wearecollectingmoney________aidofthepeoplewhohavelosttheirhomes.答案：①with②in(2)一句多译①在一位路人的帮助下，她设法走到了警察局求助。______________apasser­by,shemanagedtowalktothepolicestationforhelp.(aidn．)②____________apasser­by,shemanagedtowalktothepolicestationforhelp.(aidv．)-6-答案：①Withtheaidof②Aidedby①Luckily,thevolunteershadseveralshipson_hand,_whichcouldtakethepeopletothesafety.幸运的是，志愿者手上还有几艘船，可以把人们转移到安全的地方。②Inaword,weshouldon_the_one_handstudyhard,andon_the_other_hand,_payattentiontoourhealth.总之，一方面我们要努力学习，另一方面要注意我们的健康。③Shealwayshadagreatdealofworkin_hand,_butnooneeverheardhercomplain.她手头总有许多工作要做，但从没有人听到她发过怨言。④Inthedaystocomehewillwalkhand_in_handwithus.在未来的日子里，他会跟我们手拉手一起走。单句写作①一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。____________，Icanearnsomemoneybydoingittohelpmyparents,and____________，Icangainsomeexperiencefromit,whichwilldogoodtomyfuturelife.②随时都有急诊服务，并提供医疗咨询。Theemergencyserviceswere____________withmedicaladvice.答案：①Ontheonehand;ontheotherhand②onhandGrammar定语从句(Ⅰ)-7-单句语法填空1．(2018·北京高考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotourists________hadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.答案：who2．Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring________hehadlostonthetrain.答案：which3．Thefilm________wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.答案：that/which4．Yoursisteristheperson________youshouldcareabout.答案：who/whom5．Thenumberofpeople________werekilledorinjuredduringtheearthquakereached2thousand.答案：that/who一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。-8-Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Dannyisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisRose.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语)3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语)4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)三、关系词只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2．先行词是不定代词，如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing，none等时。Haveyoutakendowneverythi