2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 5 Languages around the wor

-1-SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalking基础知识预习自检Ⅰ.重点词汇1．petroln.(BrE)汽油→gasn.(NAmE)汽油2．undergroundn.(BrE)地铁→subwayn.(NAmE)地铁3．toiletn.(BrE)洗手间→restroomn.(NAmE)洗手间4．flatn.(BrE)公寓→apartmentn.(NAmE)公寓5．semestern.学期→(同义词)term6．begvt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beg_sb.'s_pardon请人原谅；向人道歉7．point_of_view观点；看法8．feel_like感觉像9．a_sea_of大量的，很多的10．fight_for争取；为……而斗争Ⅱ.教材原句1．Therearemany____________(……的原因)peoplelearnaforeignlanguage.(教材P64)答案：reasonswhy2．WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwas__________(一个挣扎)．(教材P64)答案：astruggle3．Mymumtoldmethat____________(学习一门语言)wasnotjustformyfuture.(教材P64)答案：studyingalanguage4．AndIrememberthatdaywhenIsuddenly________(感觉到)Germanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.(教材P64)答案：feltlike5．Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjust________(大量的词)．(教材P64)答案：aseaofwords6．There's__________(减价)atmyfavouritestore.(教材P65)答案：asale7．Idon'tusually____________(购物)withmyfriendsforpants.(教材P65)答案：goshopping-2-8．Don'tyouliketo____________(有某个人)tellyouifthepantslookgoodornot？(教材P65)答案：havesomebody9．DidyouknowthatinBritishEnglish,“pants”means_____________(非常不一样的东西)？(教材P65)答案：somethingverydifferent10．InBritishEnglish,____________(单词“pants”)meansunderwear.(教材P65)答案：theword“pants”重点知识合作探究1strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)归纳拓展(1)struggletodosth.艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事strugglefor为……而斗争strugglewith/against同……搏斗/作斗争(2)struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来①Thecompanyisstruggling_to_findbuyersforitsnewproduct.该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。②Hestruggled_againstcancerfortwoyears.他同癌症抗争了两年。③Youhavetoletusstruggle_forourselves,evenifwemustdieintheprocess.你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。(1)单句语法填空①Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedbuthestruggled________hisfeetatlast.②Togetaneducation,hewasstruggling________manydifficulties.③ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________-3-(hear)．答案：①to②against/with③tobeheard(2)单句写作我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。Wehaveto________________allkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.答案：struggleagainst/with2The_moreIlearntofalanguage,the_moremybrainwouldgrow.我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就越发达。(教材P64)剖析“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”是固定句型，意为“越……，越……”。归纳拓展(1)第一个“the＋比较级...”相当于条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级...”相当于主句。(2)如果第二个“the＋比较级...”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级...”通常用一般现在时表将来。(3)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句表示的程度而变化。当句意明确时，此句型结构常以省略形式出现。①Iwasgettingmoreandmoreannoyedandofcourse,the_moreupsetIgot,the_lessIwasabletoconcentrate.我变得越来越心烦，当然，我越是感到心烦我就越难集中精力。②The_longershewaited,the_more_impatientshebecame.她等的时间越长，变得越不耐烦。③The_moreyoupractice,the_betteryourEnglishis.你练习得越多，你的英语就越好。④The_busierheis,the_happierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。⑤The_sooner,_the_better.越早越好。单句写作①轮胎里空气越多，里面的压力就越大。______________thereisinsidethetyre,thegreaterthepressurethereisinit.②战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。-4-Thelongerthewarlasts,____________thepeopletherewillsuffer.③你越用功，进步就越大。Theharderyouwork,________________youwillmake.答案：①Themoreair②themore③thegreaterprogressGrammar定语从句(Ⅱ)单句语法填空1．Therewasatime________Annewassocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.答案：when2．Isawahouse,thewindowsof________werebroken.答案：which3．(2018·江苏高考)Self－drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.答案：where4．Isthisthevillage________mymotherwasborn?答案：where/inwhich5．Thereason________shechangedhermindisquiteclear.答案：why/forwhich6．Thedays________theytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.答案：when/duringwhich当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when,where,why或“介词＋which”。一、关系副词的作用1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。-5-3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,year,month,week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。Istillrememberthetimewhen_(＝in_which)Iwasincollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Ihaveforgottentheexactdatewhen_(＝on_which)thiscountrybecameindependent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。2．where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place,room,mountain,airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case,state,condition,point,situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightorwrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。Thisisthehotelwhere_(＝in_which)theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。3．why引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。(2)why可以用forwhich来代替。Thisisthereasonwhy_(＝for_which)heleftinahurry.这是他匆匆离去的原因。三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．关系代词的选择“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。Thisisthestudentfor_whomIboughtabook.-6-这就是我给其买书的那个学生。Thisistheshipby_whichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。Theyliveinahouse,of_whichthewindowsaremadeofglass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。2．介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Isthisthecarfor_whichyoupaidahighprice?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay...forsth.)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonto_whomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turntosb.forhelp)(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Hebroughttheresultwith_whichthebosswassatisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(besatisfiedwith)(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Doyoustillrememberthedayon_whichwemetforthefirsttime?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(ontheday)Ican'tremembertheageat_whichhewontheprize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(attheage)(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。Thisi