2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 3 The internet Section Ⅲ D

-1-SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalking基础知识预习自检Ⅰ.重点词汇1．batteryn.电池→batteriesn．(pl.)电池2．confirmvt.确认；使确信→confirmationn．证实；确认→confirmedadj.成习惯的；根深蒂固的3．pressvt.按，压；敦促→pressuren.压力；困扰→under_pressure在压力下；承受压力4．the_World_Wide_Web万维网5．in_shape状况良好6．keep_track_of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态7．get_discounts获得折扣8．bank_account银行账户Ⅱ.教材原句1．Much_has_been_written(已经写了很多)aboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.2．Have_you_pressed(你已经按下了吗)thebuttonyettocopythefile?3．Lookatthewayyourfacehas_been_washed(已经洗过了)．4．Lauraneedsanappthatwillhelpherget_discounts(获得折扣)．5．Ibelievethisappcouldhelpmeget_thinner(变瘦)．6．BothofXiaoBo'sappskeep_track_of(记录)thestepshetakes.7．Yougetamessagewheneverthere_has_been_an_update(有更新)．8．They'vebuiltakindofnewPCwith_more_functions(有更多功能的)．9．Ihave_downloaded(已经下载了)thesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.10．Lookatthewaythepathshave_been_swept(被扫过)．重点知识合作探究1pressvt.按，压；敦促(教材P30)归纳(1)press(sth./sb./yourself)againststh.使……紧贴-2-拓展于……presssth.into/ontosth.将……塞进；把……按入presssb.todosth.敦促某人做某事presssb.intodoingsth.迫切要求/勉强某人做某事presssb.forsth.催促/逼迫某人做某事pressforsth.迫切要求……presssth.onsb.勉强某人接受……；促某人吃(或喝)……(2)n.报章杂志；报刊；印刷媒体thepress/thePress记者；新闻工作者；新闻界pressconference媒体记者会；记者招待会①Hepressedhisbackagainstthedoor.他后背紧紧靠在门上。②Allhisfamilypressed_him_to_receivethejobassoonaspossible.全家人都催促他尽快接受这份工作。③Theycontinuedtopress_forachangeinthelaw.他们不断要求修改这项法律。④Thestorywasreportedinthepressandontelevision.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。(1)单句语法填空①Hepressedhisface________thewindow.②Theyagreedtopress________theconferencetodealwiththeproblem.③Theyarepressingus________(make)aquickdecision.答案：①against②for③tomake(2)单句写作①他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。He________________________herhandandmovedon.②不要勉强自己做不喜欢的事情。Don'tletyourself________________________somethingyoudon'tlike.答案：①pressedacoininto②bepressedintodoing2inshape状况良好(教材P31)归纳(1)in(good)shape(身体)状况良好；(事物)情况良好-3-拓展inbadshape状况不佳；情况糟糕outofshape(因受损、处理不当等)变形的，走样的；身体不好的；不健康的intheshapeof...呈……形状；以……的形式takeshape形成；成形(2)incase以防(万一)；免得inline准备就绪invain徒劳inoneword总而言之infact事实上indanger处于危险中inadvance事先；提前①Imustgetin_shape,_otherwiseIwilllosethegame.我必须保持良好的状态，否则会输了比赛。②Therailsweretwistedout_of_shapebytheearthquake.地震发生后，铁轨扭曲得变形了。③HesaidIshouldnotmakesuchanimportantdecisionwhenIwasin_bad_shape.他说，我不应当在状况不佳时做出如此重要的决定。④Itbecameobviousthatallhercomplaintswerein_vain.很明显她所有的抱怨都是白费口舌。(1)单句语法填空①Whenwesaysomeoneis________goodshape,wemeantheyarephysicallysound.②IgetoutofbreathwhenIrunbecauseI'm________ofshape.答案：①in②out(2)单句写作既然你身体状况良好，也许可以开始一项新的运动，比如攀岩。Nowthatyou're____________，youmighttakeupanewactivity,suchasrockclimbing.答案：in(good)shape3discountn.折扣vt.打折(教材P31)归纳atadiscount打折；以一定折扣-4-拓展get/give/offeradiscount(on/offsth.)(对于……)得到/给予/提供折扣discountprices折扣价①Theseshirtsaresoldat_a_discountbecausesomesizesarenotavailable.这种衬衣断码了，所以打折出售。②Wemaygiveadiscount_onalargeorder.大量订购的话我们可以给折扣。③Tourpricesare_being_discounted.旅游价格正在打折。(1)单句语法填空①Sheboughtlotsofclothes________adiscount.②Canyougivemesomediscount________thissetofsilkpajamas?③AllCDswerediscounted23%________themarkedprice.答案：①at②on③off(2)单句写作如果你买十本以上，他们通常给你打折。Theyusually____________________ifyoubuymorethantencopies.答案：giveyouadiscountGrammar现在完成时的被动语态-5-单句语法填空1．Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________(make).答案：havebeenmade2．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.答案：hasbeenreached3．Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat________(cut).答案：hasbeencut4．Shakespeare'splayHamlet________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.答案：hasbeenmade5．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms________(produce)allovertheworld.答案：havebeenproduced6．EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney­makingjobsthey________(promise)beforeleavingtheirhometowns.答案：havebeenpromised-6-一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成肯定形式主语＋have/hasbeen＋done...否定形式主语＋have/hasnotbeen＋done...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done...？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been＋done...？二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语sofar,bynow,uptillnow等连用。Theroomhas_already_been_cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了。)Thedoctorhasn't_been_sent_foryet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生。)2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehas_been_repaired_fortwohours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修。)Howlonghastheprojectbeen_carried_out?这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施。)3．用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.这份工作一完成我们就动身。三、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项1．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。Thebigfirewas_put_outtwohoursago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。(只说明动作发生在过去)Thebigfirehas_been_put_out.大火已经被扑灭了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在火灭了”)-7-2．非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.(F)Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.(T)工程已开始三个月了。将主动句变为被动句或将被动句变为主动句①MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset.→_________________________②Someonehasbrokenthewindow.→_________________________③Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions.