2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Natural disasters Sectio

-1-SectionⅤ写作园地|概要写作——灾难事件对应《写作新题型大突破》P20本单元的写作任务是概要写作中的“灾难事件”主题。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。进行概要写作的短文的体裁一般以说明文和议论文为主。一、解题步骤概要写作一般遵循以下三个解题步骤：1．读懂原文，抓住大意。2．定位主题句，找到关键。3．组织语言，转换表达。二、注意事项1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。2．安排好篇幅的比例，同原文保持协调。3．注意两点之间的衔接，用适当的关联词语贯通全文。4．不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子；可对原文句子做一些同义替换。5．计算词数，注意是否符合规定的词数要求。一、描写事物的性质或功用Inthepassage,thewriterintroduces...(对象)tous,especiallyits...(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow...(对象带来的好处)二、问题＋解决方法Thepassagerepresents...(问题)andbringsforthseveralmeasures/methodstosolvetheproblem,whichincludes...(方法1)...(方法2)...(方法3)三、现象＋原因/本质Thewriter/authorrepresents/introduces...of...,because...(原因1)...(原因2)四、灾难事件常用表达1．Nowadaystherehavebeenfrequentnaturaldisasters,suchasfloods,droughts,mud－rockflows,earthquakes,windstormsandthestretchingofnewdeserts.Theyhavedestroyedcountlesshomes,andwipedoutnumerouspiecesoffertileland.-2-当下，自然灾害频发，如洪水，干旱，泥石流，地震，风暴和新的沙漠延伸。它们摧毁了无数的房屋，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。2．Moreandmorepeoplebecomeawarethatthosedisastershavemuchtodowithwhatwehavedonetotheearth.越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。3．Thenaturaldisastersaremainlycausedbyhumandestruction.Deforestationcausesthesoilerosion;thechaosofsewagewatercausethegraduallypoorwaterquality;thedisorderlyautomobileexhaustcausestheairpollution;improperdisposalofwastecausestheenvironmentdamageandsoon.自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失；污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差；汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染；垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。4．Infaceofnaturaldisaster,weshouldtimelyforecastanddothepreventivework.面对自然灾害，我们要及时进行预测，做好预防工作。5．Incaseofemergenciesanddisastersweshouldkeepourheadandtrytorelyonourselvestoescapefromthedisasters.在紧急情况和发生灾难时，我们应该保持头脑清醒，尝试依靠自己逃离灾难。6．Afterthedisasters,insteadofindulgingoneselfinsadness,oneshouldbepositiveoflifeandcontributetothereconstructionofthehometown.灾后，我们不要沉湎于悲伤之中，应该积极面对生活，为家乡的重建做出贡献。7．Weshouldunitetogether,buildasustainableandnaturefriendlysociety,makingtheworldabetterplace.我们应该团结起来，建设一个可持续的、自然友好型社会，让世界变得更美好。8．Theearthisouronlyhome.Itisurgentforustostopdamagingit,andtodoourbesttoprotectit,forwehavenowheretogoandsurviveexceptwherewearenow.地球是我们唯一的家园。因此，当务之急就是停止破坏它，并尽力保护它，因为除了我们现在生存的地方，我们已经无处可去。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speedisveryimportantinavalanche(雪崩)rescues.Therewillbenarrowchancestoescapeifaskierisburiedfor30minutesormore.Nowthat30minutescanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforaskierlostonasnowymountain,mostpeople-3-woulddependonlife­savingdogs.Nobleworksasarescueteammemberinavacationland,California.Hetellsus,“Dogsrunfastestwhenanaccidenthappens.”HispartnerWylee,alife­savingdog,cansearchanaccidentscenethesizeofafootballfield.Itonlyneeds5to10minutes.However,5rescueteammembershavetospendacoupleofhoursinthesamearea.Apartfromitsexcellentspeed,NoblechoosesWyleeashispartnerpartlybecauseitweighsonlyabouthalfwhatotherkindsofdogsweigh.Rescueteammembershavetocarrytheirdogstosearchsitesinadditiontocarrying60­poundbackpackswithfood,waterandotherequipment.Thedogsneedtheliftsothatdon'tgettiredbeforetheystartworking.Therearen'tadequatedataonhowoftendogstakepartinavalanchesearchesorhowoftentheyareabletohelplocalpeopleindanger.Butthedogsdon'tsavethatmanypeople.That'sbecausetherearen'tthatmanytosave.Aquarterofpeopleindangerdiefromseriousinjuriesbeforethesnowstopsmoving.Ofthoseburiedwhoweren'tkilledbyinjuries,halfdiewithin20minutes.Ifthereisachanceofrescue,though,thedogsalsocutsearchtimefortheremains.EricaMueller,afamousdirector,wantedtoseehowthelife­savingdogsworked,soshevolunteeredtospendpartofanhourinaroomysnowcavewaitingtobefound.Shewasarmedwitharadioandwaswearingseverallayerstostaywarm.AfterbeingrescuedbyWylee,shesaid,“Ican'ttalklikeasurvivor,butitwasdefinitelyacoolwaytoseehowwelltrainedthosedogsare.”[精彩范文]Life­savingdogsareofvitalimportanceandhelpinavalancherescuesduetotheirexcellentspeed.(要点1)Inaddition,anotheradvantageoflife­savingdogsistheirlightweight.(要点2)Nonetheless,thenumberofpeoplerescuedwasnotlargeowingtoseriousinjuriesandlimitedtime.(要点3)However,throughanexperiment,afamousdirectorEricaMueller,spokehighlyofthelife­savingdogsinavalanche-4-rescues.(要点4)总评该作文准确把握了文中的四个要点，无一遗漏或偏差，略去了不必要的细节信息。同时语法结构运用准确、词汇运用和同义词转换恰当丰富、语言概括精炼到位。[亮点呈现](1)连接词运用准确恰当。要点1和要点2为并列关系，用Inaddition连接；要点2和要点3之间为转折关系，用Nonetheless连接；要点4和要点3之间也是转折关系，为避免重复，用However来表示转折。(2)采用同义替换、语义转换等进行灵活准确的表达。如用ofvitalimportance替换veryimportant；将save改为rescue；用speakhighlyof来肯定搜救犬的表现。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspired