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Chapter8/Slide1Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.Chapter8SocialInfluence,Socialization,andCultureChapter8/Slide2Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.LearningObjectives1.Understandthedifferencebetweeninformationdependenceandeffectdependence.2.Differentiatecompliance,identification,andinternalizationasmotivesforsocialconformity.3.Describethesocializationprocessandthestagesoforganizationalsocialization.4.Describetheimplicationsofunrealisticexpectationsandthepsychologicalcontractforsocialization.Chapter8/Slide3Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.LearningObjectives5.Describethemainmethodsofsocializationandhownewcomerscanbeproactiveintheirsocialization.6.Defineorganizationalcultureanddiscussthecontributorstoaculture.7.Discusstheassetsandliabilitiesofstrongorganizationalcultures.8.Describehowtodiagnoseanorganizationalculture.Chapter8/Slide4Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.SocialInfluenceinOrganizations•Inmanysocialsettings,andespeciallyingroups,peoplearehighlydependentonothers.•Thisdependencesetsthestageforinfluencetooccur.•Twokindsofdependenceareinformationdependenceandeffectdependence.Chapter8/Slide5Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.InformationDependence•Relianceonothersforinformationabouthowtothink,feel,andact.•Informationdependencegivesotherstheopportunitytoinfluenceourthoughts,feelings,andactionsviathesignalstheysendtous.•Theeffectsofsocialinformationcanbeverystrong,oftenexertingasmuchormoreinfluenceoverothersasobjectivereality.Chapter8/Slide6Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.EffectDependence•Relianceonothersduetotheircapacitytoproviderewardsandpunishment.•Thegroupfrequentlyhasavestedinterestinhowindividualmembersthinkandact.•Groupmembersdesiretheapprovalofthegroup.•Thesecircumstancespromoteeffectdependence.Chapter8/Slide7Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.SocialInfluenceinAction•Oneofthemostobviousconsequencesofinformationandeffectdependenceisthetendencyforgroupmemberstoconformtothesocialnormsthathavebeenestablishedbythegroup.Chapter8/Slide8Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.MotivesforSocialConformity•Themotivesforsocialconformityvaryacrosssituationsandcanbeclassifiedasfollows:–Compliance–Identification–InternalizationChapter8/Slide9Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.Compliance•Conformitytoasocialnormpromptedbythedesiretoacquirerewardsoravoidpunishment.•Complianceisthesimplest,mostdirectmotiveforconformitytogroupnorms.•Itprimarilyinvolveseffectdependence.Chapter8/Slide10Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.Identification•Conformitytoasocialnormpromptedbyperceptionsthatthosewhopromotethenormareattractiveorsimilartooneself.•Informationdependenceisespeciallyimportant.•Animitationprocessisinvolvedinwhichestablishedmembersserveasmodelsforthebehaviourofothers.Chapter8/Slide11Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.Internalization•Conformitytoasocialnormpromptedbytrueacceptanceofthebeliefs,values,andattitudesthatunderliethenorm.•Conformityoccursbecauseitisseenasright.•Conformityisduetointernal,ratherthanexternalforces.Chapter8/Slide12Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.TheSubtlePowerofCompliance•Simplecompliancecansetthestageformorecompleteinvolvementwithorganizationalnormsandroles.•Theprocessthroughwhichthisoccursinorganizationsisknownasorganizationalsocialization.Chapter8/Slide13Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.OrganizationalSocialization•Socializationistheprocessbywhichpeoplelearntheattitudes,knowledge,andbehavioursthatarenecessarytofunctioninagroupororganization.•Itisalearningprocessinwhichnewmembersmustacquireknowledge,changetheirattitudes,andperformnewbehaviours.•Itistheprimarymeansbywhichorganizationscommunicatetheorganization’scultureandvaluestonewmembers.Chapter8/Slide14Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.TheSocializationProcessChapter8/Slide15Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.OrganizationalSocialization(continued)•Socializationmethodsinfluenceimmediateorproximaloutcomeswhichleadtomoredistalorlonger-termoutcomes.•Learningduringsocializationinvolvesfourmaincontentareasordomainsoflearning:task,role,workgroup,andorganization.•Animportantobjectiveoforganizationalsocializationisfornewcomerstoachieveagoodfit.Chapter8/Slide16Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.Person-JobandPerson-OrganizationFit•Person-job(P-J)fitreferstothematchbetweenanemployee’sknowledge,skills,andabilitiesandtherequirementsofajob.•Person-organization(P-O)fitreferstothematchbetweenanemployee’spersonalvaluesandthevaluesofanorganization.•P-JandP-Ofitarestronglyinfluencedbythesocializationprocessandarerelatedtojobattitudesandbehaviours.Chapter8/Slide17Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.OrganizationalIdentification•Animportantdistaloutcomeofsocializationisorganizationalidentification.•Theextenttowhichanindividualdefineshim-orherselfintermsoftheorganizationandwhatitisperceivedtorepresent.•Itreflectsanindividual’slearningandacceptanceofanorganization’sculture.Chapter8/Slide18Copyright©2011PearsonCanadaInc.•Socializationisanongoingprocessthatinvolvesthreestages.•Oneofthestagesoccursbeforeentry,anotherimmediatelyafterentry,andthelastoccursafteronehasbeenamemberforsomeperiodoftime.•Thefirsttwostagesrepresenthurdlesforachiev
本文标题:国外组织行为学课件皮尔森ch08
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