近三年专四语法考题分类总结.

一、情态动词:53.She(DfiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherataconference.(2009A.hadbeenB.mustbeC.hasbeenD.musthavebeenKey:情态动词must表示很有把握的推断。对于现在事情的肯定推断用mustdo,而对过去的推断,要用musthavedone.本句是对她过去年龄的肯定推测。61.Aren’tyoutired?I(Ayouhaddoneenoughfortoday.(2009A.shouldhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.mighthavedoneD.couldhavedoneKey:shouldhavedone意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做,符合此处语义逻辑关系。Musthavedone表示对过去事情的猜测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。Couldhavedone是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。52.Nancy'sgonetoworkbuthercar'sstillthere.She(Abybus.(2010A.musthavegoneB.shouldhavegoneC.oughttohavegoneD.couldhavegoneKey:must用于肯定句中比较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。当must后接完成时,表示已发生的事情的推测。根据句意,此处应该为有把握的推测。二、非谓语动词51.Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofus(Cawalkintheparknearby?(2009A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingKey:howabout这一短语用来征求意见,后接名词或动名词。65.Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm'slawyerhasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT(D(2009A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...B.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...C.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...D.themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...Key:名词后用现在分词作定语多数表示正在进行的动作,也可表示一般的动作。四个选项中,前三项表示的时间都是现在,而第四项表示的是将来。但是,用于表示将来时通常是用不定式结构。65.(Dshouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.(201066.A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.NottobetallKey:本句中缺少主语。动名词短语作主语时,通常表示一件已知的事。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。本句中“长的不高”是一件已知的事情,所以选择动名词短语作主语,表示否定意义,not要放在动名词前面。55.Inphraseslikefreezingcold,burninghot,orsoakingwet,the-INGparticipleisused(D(2011A.asacommandB.asaconditionC.forconcessionD.foremphasisKey:本题中的freezing,burning和soaking分别用来强调cold,hot和wet的程度。三、倍数55.Anewlaptopcostsabout(Bofasecond-handone.(2009A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethanthepriceKey:常用的倍数表示法有A.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数+as+adj+as;B.主语+谓语+倍数(分数+thesizeof;C.by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.D.主语+谓语+倍数(分数+形容词(副词比较级+than….本句是第二个关系56.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasedisINCORRECT?(B(2011A.Thecityisnowtentimesitsoriginalsize.B.IwishIhadtwotimeshisstrength.C.Theselleraskedfordoubletheusualprice.D.Theycomeherefourtimeseveryyear.Key:用time表示倍数,一般用于三倍或者以上的数,表示两倍,通常用twice四、虚拟语气52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English(Dmucheasiertolearn.(2009A.couldhavebeenB.would'beC.willbeD.wouldhavebeenKey:本句对现在情况进行虚拟,条件从句中用过去时,这里是be的过去时were,而主句中谓语用would+动词原形,这里是wouldbe.60.Itisnecessarythathe(Atheassignmentwithoutdelay.(2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandinKey:形容词为necessary,important,impossible等时,在“it+be+形容词或过去分词+主语从句”结构中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。61.Itsgettinglate.I’dratheryou(Anow.(2011A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleavekey:wouldrather表示“宁愿,宁可”;在wouldrather后面所跟的从句中,用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式。五、反义疑问句.57.Sheseldomgoestothetheatre,(B?(2010A.doesn'tsheB.doessheC.wouldsheD.wouldn'tsheKey:本句中含有否定含义的副词seldom,故反意时用肯定形式doesshe。选项A的not与seldom矛盾;选项C和D中的would与句中的goes不吻合。54.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththebook,don’tforgettoreturnittoTim,(B?(2011A.doyouB.willyouC.don’tyouD.won’tyoukey:本句是祈使句,祈使句的反问疑问句用willyou?六、从句54.After(Cseemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.(2010A.thatB.itC.whatD.thereKey:宾语从句本句中after后需要一个宾语从句,而该宾语从句缺少主语,因此需要一个作主语的连接代词。同位语从句63.Thereisnodoubt(Bthecoupledidtherightthingincomingbackhomeearlierthanplanned.(2011A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.whenkey:四个选项都可以作同位语从句的连词,当从句为一般疑问句时用whether,从句位为陈句时用that,从句为特殊疑问句时用why或when等。54.(Athebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.(2009A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.HoweverKey:状语从句从句中,whatever相当于nomatterwhat,引导让步状语从句,whichever也可引导让步状语从句,但与whatever相比,whichever也是有选择范围的。55.Fool(BJerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.(2010A.whoB.asC.likeD.thatKey:状语从句as用作连词时,从句中的实义动词或系动词后的形容词需要提前,本句中的fool是形容词,位于句首,符合as引导的让步状语从句的使用条件。56.Iwasveryinterestedin(Ashetoldme.(2009A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.thatKey:定语从句本句中主句的宾语是all,而thatshetoldme是all的宾语从句。当先行词是不定代词,如anything,nothing,theone,all等时,只能用that.51.Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.heisnolongertheman(Dhewasfifteenyearsago.(2011A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatKey:定语从句本题定语从句先行词为theman,且先行词在定语从句作表语,在这种情况下关系代词只能用that.七、句子结构59.Little(Daboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.(2009A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecareKey:在英语中,当一些具有否定意义的放在句首时,句子为部分倒装,有notuntil,little等,句子为部分倒装,将助动词did提前就可以了64.InHowmuchdoyouthinkheearns?howmuchis(Cofthesentence.(2009A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC.theobjectD.thecomplementKey:在这个句子中,doyouthink是插入语,在howmuchheearns中,主语是he,谓语是earns,howmuch是宾语。61.InthesentenceIt'snousewaitingforher,theitalicizedphraseis(D(2010A.theobjectB.anadverbialC.acomplementD.thesubjectKey:在It’snousewaitingforher中,it为形式主语,句子真正的主语是动名词短语waitingforher,A意为“宾语”,B意为“状语”,C意为“补语”。63.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?(A(2010A.ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C.YouhavedonePeterafavor.D.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.Key:宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,这个成分称之为宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语”,宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。选项A中的manager和宾语John之间存在逻辑主谓关系,故为宾语补足语。而选项B、C、D中的动词后面都是双宾语。58.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?(C(2011A.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?B.Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?C.Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth?D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?Key:选项中doyouthink和w