It的用法与高考题---◇-唐春梅

It的用法与高考题◇唐春梅发表时间：2013-09-22T11:38:26.030Z来源：《读写算(新课程论坛)》2013年5期（上）供稿作者：◇唐春梅[导读]TheclimateofSouthChinaismild;Ilikeitverymuch.(it指theclimateofSouthChina)◇唐春梅（四川省武胜中学校武胜638400）It是近年来高考的热点之一。它不仅可以指代时间（外研版高一P32：It’sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother.）、地点（外研版高一P2：ItisthecapitalcityofHebeiProvince）、天气（外研版高一P32：—What’stheclimatelike?—Prettyhotandwetinthesummer,butitcanbequitecoldinthewinter.）、距离（Itis80kilometersaway.）等，还可以作形式主语（外研版高一P19：Itisinterestingtolookatdifferencesbetweenschoolsandindifferentcountries.）和形式宾语（IfinditveryinterestingtolearnEnglish.），同时还可以用于强调句结构（ItisTomwhoisalwayslateforschool.）中。下面结合高考试题来谈谈它的用法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。一、考点聚焦：It的基本用法1、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物或情况。Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.Itisacatoutsidethedoor.MymotherboughtapenanditwasmadeinJapan.You'vehelpedmealot;Iwillneverforgetit.典题：—There’scoffeeandtea:youcanhave.___.—Thanks.(NMET2003)A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it本题考查代词的用法。A、B、C三项均可作不定代词：either指二者中任何一个；each指两者或两者以上之中的每个人或每个物；one用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词，泛指一个；D项it用作人称代词时，用来指代上文提过的某个事物。前句叙述了有咖啡和茶,根据常理，只能是二者之中选一种，故答案为A2、用以代替提示代词this,that。—What’sthis?—It’saknife.—Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.3、起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.Whoisit?It'sme.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用It来表示。eg.It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?It用来指代团体。eg.Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejected（拒绝）theproposal（建议）.4、用来指时间、地点、天气、距离等。例如:Itisseveno'clocknow.（指时间）Itiscoldtoday.（指天气）Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.（指环境情况）—Whattimeisit?—It’seighto’clock.（指时间）Itoftenrainsinsummerhere.（指季节）Itisalongwaytotheschool.（指距离）Itistwentymilesfromheretoourschool.（指距离）5、作形式主语。为使句子平衡，it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句，位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。常见的句型有下面几种：Itisaspitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.1)Itis+名词或形容词（+of/forsb.）+todosth.通常用of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。例如：Itiseasytodothejob.It'shisdutytosettletheproblem.Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.2)It's+名词+动名词短语。例如：It'snouseaskinghim.It'snogoodgoingthere.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.=Itisofnousetocryoverspiltmilk=Itisuselesscryingoverspiltmilk3)It+is/was+过去分词+名词性从句常用于该句型的过去分词有:said,told,reported,known,suggested,hoped,expected等。例如：It'ssaidthathecamefromLondon.It'sreportedthatthepresidentwillcometovisitourschool.It'snotdecidedwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.4)It's+名词/形容词+名词性从句，但从句用虚拟语气：(should)dosth.能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：Itisimportantthatweshouldpaycloseattentiontograin.Itisnaturalthathe（should）sayso.It'sapitythatyoucan'tgowiththem.It'scertainthathewillattendthemeeting.It'snowonderwhyhewaslate.典题：1.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET95)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首作形式主语。2._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It答案：D.it是形式主语，that从句作真正主语。3.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(NMET1989)A.thisB.thatC.itD.he答案：C.it是形式主语,tocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay是真正的主语。4.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)答案：D.it是形式主语，that从句作真正主语。6、作形式宾语。不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。例如：Hefounditverydifficulttostopsmoking.Theprofessorthinksitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.典题：1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET1998)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them答案：A.it是代词作宾语，指代“peopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull”这件事。2.Idon’tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)答案：D.it是代词作宾语，指代“tomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.”。7、it用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。形成“Itis(was)＋所强调的成分(主语、宾语、状语)＋that(或who,whom)＋其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有意义。例如：ItwasinShanghaithatIsawthefilm.(强调地点状语)我是在上海看的这部电影。ItwasTomwhometwithherinNanjing.Itwasatthegatethathetoldmethenews.ItwasbecauseLiPingwasillthathedidn'tcometoschoollastweek.ItwasXiaoMingwhom(that)Imetinthestreetlastnight.ItwasinthestreetthatImetXiaoMinglastnight.ItwaslastnightthatImetXiaoMinginthestreet.ItwasIwhometXiaoMinginthestreetlastnight.8、it用于表示一般的笼统的情况。It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworktodo.糟透了—我有这么多工作要做。Howisitgoingwithyou?Takeiteasy.It’smyturn.9、It用于某些习惯用语中作宾语(一些固定句型或搭配中),It并无具体意义,但不可省略。Doesitmatterifhecan’tattendourparty?如果他不能参加我们的聚会，会有什么问题吗？walkit步行makeit办成getit明白takeitoutofsb.拿某人出气典题：1.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.(NMET1993)A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it答案：D。2.Does______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?(NMET1991)A.thisB.thatC.heD.it答案：D。二、含有“Itis…”的句型1、It+be+time(forsb.)todosth.2、It+be+(high)timethatsb.didsth.(虚拟语气)3、It+be+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分…1)Was/Is+it+被强调部分that+句子的其他部分?Wasitinthestreetthatyoumether?2)Wh-+is/was+it+that/who+句子的其他部分…Whowasitthatcalledhim“comrade”?3)对not…until…结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时,用“Itis/was+notuntil…that+句子的其他部分(用肯定形式)ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatImetmyoldfriend.4)比较定语从句和强