新概念第二册lesson62

新概念二Lesson62Afterthefire大火之后Freetalk:Haveyoueverexperiencedanynaturaldisasters?volcano(火山)sandstorm(沙尘暴)Canyoutellsomekindofnaturaldisasters?drought(旱灾)tsunami(海啸)typhoon（台风）fire(火灾）Whatcanyouseeinthispicture?Everythingwasdestroyed(毁灭)Thecitybecameruin(废墟)EarthquakeofTangshaninChinain1976Thecrackscutacrosstheroads.Thebuildingsfelldown.Manythingsweredestroyed,suchas…bridgerailwaybuildingspersonalwashingthingsabottleofwatermoneytorch(手电筒)mobilephonefoodandsweetsblanket(毯子)Whatwillyoutakewithyou?medicineYouwilltake:树木的作用树木可以调节气候、净化空气、防风降噪和防止水土流失、山体滑坡、等自然灾害，是人类最好的朋友。Withouttheforestcover,theseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmosphere,warmingtherestoftheworld.Losingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatterns,potentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworld.text•Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwordsandexpressions生词和短语•1.controln.控制2.smoken.烟3.desolateadj.荒凉的4.threatenv.威胁5.surroundingadj.周围的6.destructionn.破坏，毁灭7.floodn.洪水，水灾8.authorityn.（常用复数）当局9.grass-seedn.草籽10.sprayv.喷撒11.quantityn.量12.rootn.根13.centuryn.世纪14.patchn.小片15.blackenv.变黑，发暗•★controln控制•controlsth.(v):控制•Icancontrolit.•Icanmanageit.我能对付(口语)•介词短语:•incontrol:在控制之内•undercontrol:在控制之下,被控制•outofcontrol:失控•★smoken烟•smoke:吸烟•Don'tsmoke!/Nosmoking!•cigarette,cigar:(n)香烟•smoke:(n)烟雾•fullofsmoke:充满烟雾•名词加-y,变为形容词:rain–rainy/cloud-cloudy•smokey:(a.)多烟的•smokingarea;smokingroom吸烟室/smokingapartment火车上的吸烟车厢•smokeyarea:吸烟区/nonsmokeyarea:禁烟区•heavysmoker:烟瘾重的人/nonsmoker:不抽烟的人/Hesmokedheavily.•★desolateadj荒凉的•lonelyadj:孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的(与地方连表示孤零零的,但并不表示无人居住)•desolate:荒凉的,极度孤独的(与人相连时)•desolate+地方－－无人居住,荒无人烟的•adesolatehouse废屋•★threatenv威胁的•①threatentodosth.威胁着要做……（与人相连）；有迹象表明……•Hethreatenedtomakethephotopublic.•threatensb.withsth.以……来威胁/恐吓某人•Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.•②有……预兆•Itthreatenedtorain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。•联想：blackmail（勒索，敲诈），steal，rob•★surroundingadj周围的•surroundingsn:环境(在周边的事物)•atmospheren:大气层,氛围(在周边的人文环境)•★destructionn破坏,毁灭•destroy(v):破坏•destructive(adj):毁灭性的•construction(n):建设,建筑/constructionbank建设银行•build:建设(具体的建某物)•construct(v):建设(为...创造更好的条件)•constructive(adj):建设性的(意见)•★floodn洪水,水灾•flood/floods都对,都可以用,无区别•★authorityn(常用复数)当局•authorities:当局(应为复数)/authority:权威(单数)•★grass-seedn草籽•★sprayv喷撒•spraysthover/on往什么上喷洒•spraywaterover/onflower•spraygrass-seedover/ontheground••★quantityn量•quality:质量•quantity:数量•sthwithgoodquality:具有好质量的东西•quantitiesof:大量的•★rootn根•rootof...的根•whatistherootcause?根本原因•takeroot:生根•comeout:长出来/flowercomeout:开花•shoot:芽•shoot[Fu:t]n.射击,发射,摄影,急流vt.射击,投射,伸出,拍摄,用完,挥出,给...注射,使爆炸vi.射出,射击,发出,发芽,射门,拍电影•★centuryn世纪•★patchn小片•apatchof:一小片/apieceof/abitof/asheetof•patchesof:许多片•piece:片,块•patch(平面上的)一片,补丁(本意)•★blackenv变黑,发暗•-en--表示动词,使...变得...•weak虚弱的•weaken使...变弱,削弱•复合词:fireman•派生词:(前缀,后缀)•-tion--名词后缀•-less--形容词后缀:careless粗心的•Notesonthetext•Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.•fightsth:和...作搏斗•get+宾语+介词短语－－作宾补:gettheroominorder.(get:使)•Before=until现在完成进行时(Presentperfectcontinuous)S+have（has）been+V-ing（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。•TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.•中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）•IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.•自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）••（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。•Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.•我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)•（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子••Theyhavebeenlivinginthiscityfortenyears.•Theyhavelivedinthiscityfortenyears.•他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。••Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.•Ihaveworkedhereforfiveyears.•我在这里已经工作五年了。•（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。•Ihavebeenwritingabook.（动作还将继续下去）•我一直在写一本书。•Ihavewrittenabook.（动作已经完成）•我已经写了一本书。•Theyhavebeenbuildingabridge.•他们一直在造一座桥。•Theyhavebuiltabridge.•他们造了一座桥。••（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。•Ihaveknownhimforyears.•我认识他已经好几年了。•*Ihavebeenknowing...••这类不能用于现在完成进行时的情态动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等等。现在完成时表示的是开始于过去的动作一直持续到目前为止，同理，过去完成时则表示开始于过去的某一个时刻的动作持续到过去另一时刻为止，即动作开始时间是过去的过去，动作结束时间应该是过去．1.到去年年底，我已经学了２０００个单词．BytheendoflastyearI______________2000words.2.在来美国之间，我已经学习了一些英语．I____________someEnglishbeforeIcametoAmerica.•hadlearnedhadlearnedAshorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.•formilesaround方圆几英里•ashorttimebefore--从过去某一点时间算起,一段时间以前•ashorttimeago--从现在算起,一段时间以前•ashorttimebefore和ashorttimeago都可以放在段时间之后•great:大的(强调重要性)Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.•rose