非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词:a.动词不定式b.动名词c.分词(现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.2．进行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.3．完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.4．被动式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5．完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_it__better__to_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_it__betternot_to_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.III.作宾语补足语1.I’llgetsomeone_to__repairtherecorderforyou.2.Whatcausedhim_to__changehismind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三让），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（写）V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主语）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表语）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting常见的动词有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.短语:be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing____(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons主动表被动:①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themetho