中级口译教程(第三版).梅德明著.第二盒-1英语部分

Q:?Hi,Mr.Jackson.YouhavebeenworkinginChinaforthreeyears.CanyoutellushowyoufeelaboutthedifferencesinbusinesscommunicationstylebetweenChineseandAmericanbusinessmen?A:Withpleasure.1thinkthereareatleasttwodifferencesinthewayofbusinesscommunicationbetweenChineseandAmericanbusinesspeople.First,Chinesebusinessmentendtohavebusinessnegotiationsinaratherindirectmanner,asopposed()tothemoredirectmannerofAmericanbusinesspeople.TheChinesetaketimetolearniftheirprospectivebusinesscontactsarereallyreliable,forexample,byinvitingthemtoapartyandsocializing()withthem.Incontrast,Americansusuallyactwiththegetdown-to-business-firstmentality.Second,thedecisionmakingprocessofChinesecompaniesisgenerallyslowandtime-consuming.ThisisbecausemostChinesecompanieskeeptothebottom-up,thentop-downandthenbottom-updecision-makingprinciplewhichinvolvesmanypeopleatdifferentlevels.Americancompanies,ontheotherhand,usuallyoperatewithquickdecisionsmadebythetopmanagement.1hopeAmericanbusinesspeopleinChinawillunderstandthesedifferencesinbusinesspracticesandadjusttotheChineseway.Q:?TheAmericanwayofdoingbusinessoftenstrikesusChineseasVeryaggressive.WereyouawareofthisinyourcollaborationwithyourChinesecolleagues?A:Well,wearemoredirectandstraightforwardthatmostChinese,1wouldsay,duetoourdifferentculturaltraditions.1noticedthatalotofChineseoftenavoidsayingaclearnojusttobepolite.SometimesmyChinesecolleaguesayyesnottoexpressagreement,butonlytoshowthattheyarelistening.Q:?Itisimportantforallofustoacknowledgeandrespecttheseculturaldifferencesinordertoavoidmisunderstandings,isn'tA:Yes,understandingthesedifferences,1believe,willbeafirststeptowardestablishingafirmbusinessrelationshipbetweenAmericanandChinesecompanies.Q:??YoumentionedtheChinesetypeofdecision-makingprocessearlier.DoyouseeanystrengthwiththistypeofmanagementandhowdoyoucompareitwiththeAmericantypeofmanagement?A:1wouldsaytheAmerican-type,orthetop-down,managementemphasizesefficiency,andcompetitionamongworkers,whiletheChinese-typemanagementgivesprioritytocarefulplanningandencouragecooperationamongworkers,andbetweenworkersandthemanagement.Thus,whiletheAmerican-typemanagementoftenfrustrates()manyworkers,theChinese-typemanagementgivesworkersajoyofparticipationandfulfillment,andasenseofprideintheirwork.Q:?Talkingabout'workers'attitudetowardtheirwork.howdotheChineseandtheAmericansdifferinthisrespect?A:1thinkmostChineseviewworkasessentialforhavingMembership()inacommunity.Theybelievethatworkallowsthemtohavethesenseofbelonginginacommunity.inotherwords,workisnecessaryforthemtogainsocialacceptanceinthesociety.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeworksohardtomaintaintheirpositionsintheircompanies.Also,theyseeworkasthemostimportantthinginlife.Thatis,theyhavetriedtofindthemeaningoflifethroughtheirjobs.WhiletheChineseworkethicisbasedonsocialpressure()andcommunitybelonging,theAmericanworkethicseemstobemoreindividualoriented.Traditionally,weworkbecauseitisthewillofGod,andweoftenvaluetheresultsandaccomplishmentsofworkmorethanitsprocess.Bytheway,I'mveryimpressedbytheobviousstrongsenseofdedication()tothejobsamongtheolderChineseemployees.Q:?Returningtowherewestarted,howdoyoucommentonthemeritsanddemeritsofthetwodifferentapproachestobusinessmanagement?A:Itisdifficulttodecidewhichisbetterthanwhich,becausetherearesomemerits()anddemerits()tobothtypesofmanagement.Mysuggestionisthatpeopleofbothcountriesshouldlearnfromeachother.1willsaythatinrecentyears,themeritsoftheChineseway,orrather,theOriental()way,ofmanagementarebeginningtoberecognizedbyanincreasingnumberofpeopleintheWest.ThismorehumaneOrientalwayofmanagementseemstoofferagreatdealtotheexecutivesofourAmericanindustries.Q:!Thankyouforsharingyourtimewithme.A:Mypleasure.ListenandinterpretthefollowingconversationalternativelyintoEnglishandChinese:Aninterviewwithasongwriteraboutherdebutalbum,LastEncounter,andherwritingmethod.Q;?Helenisthereanythingthatyouwishthemediawouldn'taskyou?A:No,1likeinquiries(;)fromthepresspeople,becauseaslongastheyareaskingquestions,I'mdoingokay.Q;?Youdedicatedyourdebutalbumtoyourmom.Inwhatwaydidsheimpactyourartcareer?A:Shewasavocalist()andoneofmybestfriends.1adored()her.Shewasatremendous()individualinsomanyways,spiritual()andmusicalinparticular.Q;?Doyouhaveaparticularmethodforsongwriting?A:Well,1don'tknowif1have.1startwiththemusic.1trytobemelodic()firstandthen1goaheadandseeifthewordswillcome.Generally,ifthemusicisn'thappening,nineoutoftentimesthewordsaren'thappening.Q;?Isthereanycommonmessageinthealbum?A:1don'tknowifthereisamessage.1thinkit'sjusthonesty.It'sjustthewayI'veexperiencedit.I'mjustexpressingmyself.Songwritingislikelookingatapainting.Itisanexpressionofmypersonalexperiences,andifpeoplefindthatinteresting,thenthat'stheicingonthecake.Q;?Doessongwritinghelpyougetthroughpersonalexperiences?A:1thinkanycreativeavenue(?v?nju,anycreativeoutlet(),isawaytosortout;yourissuesoremotionaldistress;.Alotofpeopleareencouragedtodothat,and1definitelyencouragethat.Beitart,music,poetry,orjournalismd??:n?l?z?m.Creativityisimportant.Peoplewholackthatgiftappreciateothers'a