从“囚徒困境”谈起——全球环境问题的一种方法论述评

1、Prisoner'sdilemmaA.W.Tucker19501510alternative1051largescale19964rationalignoranceAD19929261996293294thetragedyofcommonsG.Hardin,TheTradegyofthecommons,Science,Dec.13,196819894publicgoods57freeridingexternaleffectmarketfailurepolicyfailure2342081996132iteratedprisoner'sdiemmaR.Axelrod1980TitforTatMartinA.NowakRobertM.MayKarlSigmund199510199695926294Nashequilibrium134135cooperativegamenoncooperativegame19951016199611171987246theevolutionofcooperation107201992199236M.Olson1965exclusiveinclusivese。

2、lectiveincentives199541421981872199775200296681141021199460203090601992621732819972741992153。