HND 财政详细预算OUTCOME 34报告

AfinancialanalysisreportforTricolplcOutcome3and4Class;10E6Name:MabodaSCN:CandidateNum:22TricolplcFlexedBudgetforJuneIntroductionTooperatebetterinfinancialaspect，themanagementofTricolplcaskedmetoanalyzetheirfinancialconditionthenmakerecommendationsforthem.FindingsPartA(ⅰ)FlexbudgetinlinewithactualactivityOriginalbudgetFlexedbudgetActualresultsVarianceunits1600units1600unitsF/A￡￡￡￡Directmaterial80,00064,00061,6002,400FDirectlabor36,00028,80035,2006,400AVariableproductionoverheadFixedcost4,0003,2003,2000Depreciation1,5001,5001,5000Rentandrates2,5002,5002,5000Administrationoverhead2,0002,0002,200200AInsurancecosts2,2002,2002,400200ATotal128,200104,200108,6004,400A(ⅱ)VariancescalculationDirectmaterialtotalvariance(Standardunitsofactualproduction*standardprice)－(actualquantity*actualprice)(4kg*1,600*￡10)－￡61,600=￡2,400(F)Rateofsignificance：(3.75%)DirectmaterialusagevarianceStandardprice*(standardunitsofactualproduction－actualquantity)￡10*[(4kgⅹ1,600)－5,600kg]=￡8,000(F)Rateofsignificance(12.5%)DirectmaterialpricevarianceActualquantity*(standardprice－actualprice)5,600kg*[￡10－(￡61,600/5,600kg)]=￡(5,600)(A)Rateofsignificance：(8.75%)Directlabourtotalvariance(Standardhoursofactualproduction*standardrateph)-(actualhours*actualrateph)[(2hrs*1,600)*￡9]－￡35,200=￡(6,400)(A)Rateofsignificance：(22.22%)DirectlabourefficiencyvarianceStandardrateph*(standardhoursofactualproduction－actualhours)￡9*(2hrs*1,600－3,520hrs)=(2,880)(A)Rateofsignificance：(10%)DirectlabourratevarianceActualhours*(standardrateph–actualrateph)3,520hrs*(￡9*－￡35,200/3,520hrs)=￡(3,520)(A)Rateofsignificance：(12.22%)TotaloverheadvarianceTotalstandardoverheadforactualproduction－totalactualoverheads(￡18,000/12+￡2,500+￡2,200+￡2,000)-(￡1,500+￡2,500+￡2,200+￡2,400)=￡(400)(A)Rateofsignificance：(3.5%)(ⅲ)ReportaboutvariancesDirectmaterialvarianceThedirectmaterialtotalvariancecanbeanalyzedintwoaspectswhicharedirectmaterialvolumeanddirectmaterialprice.Forvolumeside，ascalculatedabove，thebudgetvolumeis6400kg；theactualvolumeis5600kg.Sothereis800kgvariancewhichisfavorableandeachunitvarianceis0.5kg.Thelikelyreasoncausingthevariancecomesfromthreeaspects.Firstofall，thecompanyupgradedtheproductionmachineryrecently，andnewmachinemayusematerialsefficiently，soitreducedthewasteofmaterials.Secondly，thecompanyswitchedsuppliersandusinghigher-gradematerialscandecreasewasteofmaterialstoo.Finally，thecompanyhasconcludedahigher-than-expectedwagesettlementforproductionoperatives，whichwillmaintainemployeeswithhigherskillsaswellasdecreaseturnoverofemployees，anditalsocanincreaseefficiencyinusingmaterials.Forpriceaspect，thebudgetpriceis￡10perkg，andtheactualpriceis￡11perkg，itisadversethatonepoundoverthebudgetprice.Thecompanyswitchingsuppliersmaycausetheincreaseofnegotiationcost.Theremaybealong-termrelationshipbetweenTricolplcanditsoldsuppliers，sothesuppliersmaytakelotsofdiscountstothefirm.Afterchangingsuppliers，thediscountmaydisappear.Furthermore，highergradematerialsincreasedunitprice.Overall，thetotalmaterialvarianceisfavorable.￡8,000－￡5,600=￡2,400.DirectlabourvarianceThedirectlabourtotalvarianceiscomposedofdirectlabourefficiencyvarianceanddirectlabourratevariance.Thebudgetdirectlabourhoursare3,200hrsandtheactuallabourhoursare3,520hrs.Therearemore320hrsneededthanthebudget，andeachunitis0.2hrs，whichitisobviouslyadverse.Thecompanyupgradingtheproductionmachinerymayneedtimeforemployeestoadoptit.Also，employeesneedtrainingtime.Therebuildprocessofmachineryconsumedtimetoo.Inaword，thechargeablehourshaveincreased.Thebudgetdirectlaourhoursrateis￡9perhour，theactualhoursrateis￡10perhour.Itisadversethatonepoundhigherthanbudgeted.Itispossiblecausedbybothinternalandexternalfactors.Higher-than-expectedwagesettlementmaybeinternalreasonforthevariance，andnewmachinerymaybeneededtorecruitnewemployeestooperatethemachinery，whichalsocanincreasetheexpense.Forexternalfactors，thechangingoflabourmarketmayincreaselabourcost；thegovernmentlegislationalsocanincreasethelabourcost，forexampleminimumpay.Bothdirectlabourefficiencyanddirectlabourratevariancesareadverse，sothedirectlabourtotalvarianceisadverse.OverheadvarianceAscalculatedabove，totaloverheadvarianceiscausedbyadministrationandinsurance.Eachfactorhas￡200variance，sothetotaloverheadvarianceis￡400anditisadverse.Duringtheprocessofchangingsupplier，thecompanyneededmoreexpenseonpublicrelationshipornegotiation，inaddition，inordertomaintainthenewmachinery，administrationcostwillbeincreasedtoo.Forinsuranceaside，theimprovementofmachinerywillneedmoreinsurancefeestocover，whichalsocontributestotheincreaseofinsurancefeeofnewemployees.PartBSelectionandapplicationoftwoinvestmentappraisaltechniquesAsthecompanyiskeentorecoupthecostoftheinvestmentwithinfiveyears，IwillchoosePaybackperiodandNetPresentValuetohelpmecompletetheappraisal.Inordertofulfilltheappraisaleasily，therearesomeassumptionslistedbelowshouldbeconsideredbeforetheappraisal.⑴Allrevenueandinflowareassumedcashflow⑵Allinvestmentcostincurredinyear0⑶Nouncertaintyisconsidered⑷Donotconsiderinflationandtaxation⑸Marketrateofreturnisexpectedrat